Democracy ram ahcun phunghram hi rammi le rammi hruaitu karlak ah a ummi
‘hnatlaknak sachok' a si ti a si. Hnatlakmi sachok/ Phunghram ning in i hruai
kha rammi nih ukmi democracy timi zaukphung i a muru cu a si. Tikah, kan ram
sining ah rammi hnatlakmi phunghram a um lo. Myanmar ram tuanbia ah phunghram
voithum a um nain 1947 phunghram timi Chan Htun version tiah theihmi cu
"unitary base” in sermi a si tiah amah hrim nih a rak chim bal. 1974 le
2008 cu chim awk an tlak chinchin lomi mibuu bukhat nih amah duhning te in a
sermi a si. An umdan kan zoh cun "one ethnicity, one language, one
religion" hram bunh in ser an si. Tyranny majority kha a si ko, minortiy
pawl ca ah zei hmanh a um lo. A chinchap ah, 2008 phunghram cu democracy kiap a
tling lo. Cucu nihin Myanmar ram politician hna i an thlawhding lohma pakhat a
si. An rian a si fawn. Hi phunghram remhnak kong hi a biapibik mi rian pakhat a
si ca ah Chin mi nih zei party kan thim ah dah kanmah nunphung khel in
phunghram a chuah lai, democracy le federal kan hmuh lai ti kha ka ruahning
tlawmpal langhter ka duh.
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Myanmar thimfung thlakning
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1. Phunghram remhnak lam pahnih a
um.
a) Hluttaw chung remhning a si.
Hluttaw fonh Union hluttaw i 25% cu ralkap nih a kut ah aa hum i, 75% cu mipi
nih kan duh i kan thimmi hruaitu hna nih kan thimning in an tin cio. Phunghram
ah 75+ hnatlak lawng ah phunghram remh le thlen khawh a si tiah a sertu nih
master key in tawh a hren. Thimnak kan zoh ahcun 2010 ah party 37 nih thimnak
an i cuh i USDP nih 75% chung i hmuh khawhmi thutnak vialte (State telh lo)
tthutnak 498 chung ah tthutnak 388 ( (pyituh 259 +Amyota 129) an hmuh (New
Light of Myanmar on Nov. 11-18, 2010). Phunghram an remh lo, annih cu USDA timi
ralkap chan party nih ahrinmi USDP an si ca ah a si, 2008 phunghram kilven kha
an rian a si. NLD nih 2015 thimnak a tei, Union hluttaw ah 75% chung i thim
khawhmi 100% a simi thutnak 498 chung ah thutnak 390 an hmuh. Cucu ralkap he
tal in a ummi 100% (75%+ 25%) chung ah 59% lawng a si. Cozah an ser nain
phunghram thlen le remh khawh a si lo. Ralkap pa nih "No!" a ti, a
duh lo. 2015 thimnak hi vawleicung ah Suh Kyi a lar bik caan a si i, NLD cu
tlangcungmi hmanh nih an miphun party kal tak riangmang in an vote caan a si ca
ah ceilak a tei ko nain phunghram a remh kho lo timi cu ralkap hnatlak lo in
hluttaw chung in phunghram remh khawh a si lo timi sullam a langhter kha a si.
Ralkap va lem hmasa kha aherh tiah a chimmi zong an um.
b)
NCA lam in a rading phunghram kong a si. NCA ahhin tawh a tlaitu cu a
foinak in buu thum an si. EAO-S timi tlangcung hriamtlai phu NCA minthumi,
cozah (USDP le NLD) le ralkap (Adang zong an um rih ko nain hi hna pathum hi a
biapi bik an si tiah ka ruah). Hriamtlai phu hna nih kah daihnak menmen an duh
ti lonak cu ralkap chan ah ralkap nih tamtuk an rak hlen cang hna ruang ah a
si. Ramkhel kong cu ramkhel lam in kan fimtawl aherh ti kha an cohlanning a si.
USDP chan U Aung Min peace process cu 2008 phunghram tang luh kha a si. NLD
chan NCA lam cu dot 7 a um.
- Cozah hlun nih a tuahmi political
dialogue zoh thannak
- Political dialogue framework ser.
- 21st Panglong Conference tuah.
Political dialogue framework in a chuakmi pawl hnaltkanak lak.
- Union Accord minthut. 21st Panglong
Conference hnatlaknak lak,
- Hnatlaknak lakmi in phunghram thar
chuah.
- Phunghram thar ning in multi-party
election tuah.
- Multi-party election result zul in
democratic federal union ram i can.
NCA lam in a chuahding phunghram cu ralkap,
tlangcungmi, cozah (NLD), Civil Society Organization (CSO), Political Parties
hna le adangdang nih remkhel ceihhmainak an ngeihmi a sic a ah NCA ah a ummi
ralkap nih hna a tlak cangmi hluttaw ah hnatlaknak lak tik ah a foi te hluttaw
chung ummi ralkap nih an cohlang lai, tiah ruah a si.
NCA lam i, i teltumnak zoh tikah NLD
chan ahcun thimnak ah a teitu party lawng kha kusale an si. Aruang cu mi tam
tuk i tel ahcun ruahnak a tam, tuahding a tam ca ah remh daihnak a nuar lai
tiah ruah a si ca ah a si, tiah U Taa Hla Phe timi UPDJC Secretary Committee
chungtel nih CDES nih interview an tuahmi ah a chim. Hi ruang ah miphun
phunkhat a si nain, hriamtlai phu (or) ramkhel party aiawhtu a ngei lomi cu
remh daihnak lam ah an i tel kho ti lo. Cucu Danu miphun nih an ton, hriamtlai
phu an ngei lo leng ah an miphun party nih teinak a hmuh lo ca ah a si. Hi NCA
lam ahhin CNF lawng si lo in Chin Miphun party an i tel ve ahcun pakhat
thazaang le pahnih thazaang aa dan bantuk in ttuanhma a kal deuh lai tiah a
timi zong an um. Zei a lawh lai hngalh a si lo. CNLD Chairman (tulio) Salai
Ngaisak nih cun “miphun hna nih ramkhel kong i ruahnak hi tuah hmasa ding a si.
Tuah hnu ah miphun pakhat i “political will” kha theih khawh a si lai. Cu ti
cun 21st Panglong cu kalpi ding a si,” a ti. Ram sersiam (Nation Building) kha
a si ca ah miphun hna nih an aiawhtu chuah in chim rel le an duhning cio fonh
in ram ser kha aherh tiah a chim duhmi cu a si, tiah ka ruah. Cucaah,
Mathematically te in cun NCA lam cung ahhin CNF lawng si lo in Chin Party
siseh, Chin Civil Society Organization hruaitu tbk... hmanh khi i tel hna
sehlaw Chin miphun kong chim tikah a tthawng deuh hrim lai ti cu ruah khawh a
si. Cu ti in peace process ah kan kawl chim a si ahcun phunghram ah telhpiak
kan si lai i, kan ram ca zogn ah a tthahnemmi a si lai.
2. NLD Remhmi Phunghram VS Chinmi
Telh in Remhmi Phunghram
Tlangcungmi nih Kawlmi zumh khawh a
si lonak hi a ruang a rak um. General Aung San nih kan ram cu “miphun hme covo
tling pek in ser a si lai” tiah phunghram a rak suai nain vanchiat ah 1947 July
19 ah thah a ton ca ah a phunghram cu Kawl nationalist tiah ruahmi U Nu nih U
Chan Htun tuanvo pek in a thar a chuah. Cucu Panglong Conference biakam
“federal” he aa kalhmi “unitary” base in sermi arak si. U Chan Htun hrim nih a
hnu ah tihin a rak chim “Kan ram hi aleng lei in zoh ahcun federal design in
sermi a lo ko nain a tak ahcun unitary uknak arak si”, a ti (Tinker, 1957:13).
Aung San i “policy of unity in diversity” cu a rak thih caah Chin scholar a
simi Lian Hmung Sakhong nih cun tihin a rak chim, “Tlangcungmi ramkhel dan le
Kawl ramkhel dan cu 1947 July in September kar ah arak i dang” (Ending Ethnic
Armed Conflicts in Burma. P.9). Hi Aung San version phunghram le Chan Htun
version aa dan kha tlangcungmi nih mit hmuh kut tongh in an hngalh tikah
“ethnic conflict - miphun karak buainak” a chuak. U Nu nih Kawl biaknak kha ram
pumpi biaknak ah a canter tikah an buai chin. Cu ruang ah ahmasabik Myanmar ram
President Sao Shwe Thaike hruainak in Taunggyi Conference kha tlangcungmi covo
coding in an rak tuahnak a si. Nain, cucu a phi an kawl lio “Faderal Seminar”
Yangon ah an tuahmi a dih hlan ah Newin nih ralkap thazaang lak in 1962 March 2
ah uknak a lak ruang ah a dong. Ralkap chan cu 1962 aa thawk i, 2010 ah a dong.
Hi caan i ukning cu miphun pakhat ah miphun hme pawl canter kha a si. Minority
hna nih an ca le an holh an nunphung kilvennak nawl an ngei ti lo. Kawl ca
lawng an cawn ter hna ca ah tlangcungmi tampi cu ram tang ah an lut. Hriamtlaih
kha an ca ah nunnak lam kawlnak a hung si. Hi bantuk thil tete a rak um ruang
ah nek a tongmi minority pawl nih Kawl miphun kha an zumh kho ti lo. Aung San
Suh Kyi cu democracy a duhmi a si ti a si nain, Kawl a si ruang koko ah tuanbia
ah hlen a rak tong balmi Tlangcungmi cheukhat nih cun an zumh kho lo.
Cu ruang ah NLD nih phung an
ser/remh tikah anmah Kawl dan in an ser sual lai i, miphun hme kan covo an
nganh than sual lai ti kha an thin a phang hna. Cu ti a si ko lai tiah an
ruahnak pakhat cu 2018 i NLD nih an remhmi land law (Vacant, Fellow le Virgin
land: Vawlei phung) ruang ah a si bik. Cucu VFV phung nih cun Tlangcungmi hna
nih rak ngeihmi customary law kha a theih pi lo. Pupa ram a um lo ti a si. Pupa
ram ngeihning in kum 300 leng arak i hruaimi tlangcungmi ca ah hi phung nih
buainak a chuahter. Phungning in hmatpungtin khawh a si ti a si nain, cozah
zung ah a sau tuk hngah ahauh ruang ah le khuate lei ca ah hmatpungtin tuah
ahar ca ah vawlei ngeihnak hmatpungtin ngeih ahar. Hmatpungtin cu mi thei
hngal, mirum le mifim ca ah tuah a foi deuh ca ah hi phunghram ning in cun
vawlei lawng paohpaoh kha mi thei- hngal, mirum le mifim kut ah a phan kho tiah
ruah a si. Hi ruang ah Hihi zawn hi Tlangcungmi lak ah NLD an thazaang a
derternak ngaingai cu a si. NLD zumh lo ruang ah Miphun Party aa timi party
pawl nih kanmah kong cu kan duhning te in phung kan i ser lai ti a si ve. Kan
ca le kan nunphung, kan biaknak, kan phungphai (Customary law) kan dirpi lai ti
a si. Democracy ahcun majority duhnak in thil tuah a si nain, minority covo
hnawr a si lo ti a si ca ah minority miphun zong nih hi ti an tinak hi
democracy tahfung he aa tlakmi a si. Sinain, biahal awk ngai a ummi cu zeitluk
in dah ram pumpi sernak ah Minority pawl nih an phung kong an chim khawh hnga
ti hi a si. Dr. Lian Hmung Sakhong nih cun ,“State Constitution kan ser lai,” a
ti. Cucu federal timi kha a si. Cucu CNLD party chairman David Ngaisak te i an
chunmang kha a si ve. Nain, nihin ni ah political powera umnak cu ralkap kut ah
a si tikah second person le third person a simi NLD le CNLD or Tlangcung party
ca ah phunghram remh le federal ram ser hi thil har ngaingai a hung si rih kho.
Nain, a si kho lomi a si lo ti hi theih aherh.
NLD dirhmun hi kan zoh ve ahcun, NLD
cu ralkap kha thih ngamh in a rak dirh onh ngamhtu Suh Kyi nih a rak hruaimi a
si. Saw Mawng te nih Party Registration Law an chuah bak in NLD cu rak dirh a
si i U Aung Gyi cu Chairman a hung si. Cun, Vice Chairman ah U Tin Oo le GS ah
Suh Kyi an hung si. 1990 thimnak an tuah hlan 1989 July 19 ah Suh Kyi le U Tin
Oo cu ralkap nih NLD an thazaang der seh timi ruahchannak he thong an rak thlak
hna. Sihmansehlaw, 1990 thimnak an tuah ciamam tikah NLD nih tthutnak 485 a
ummi chung ah tthutnak 392 (80%) a hung co. Newin party BSSP in amin thlen a
simi National Unity Party cu tthutnak 10 (2%) lawng an co. Sihmansehlaw, Uknak
nawl cu NLD sinah pek a si lo. National Convention tu rak tuah a si, 1992 May
28 ah phunghram thar ttialding bia an chah. Chungtel minung 702 an si, Ralbawi
14 le ramkhel parties chungtel 28 an si. Hi chungtel 702 chung ah milu 99 cu
parliament chungtel kha an rak si (1990 election elected). Adang atangmi (70%)
bal cu ralkap nih a thimmi an rak si. Cu phunghram cu 2007 ah an lim i 2008
February 2 ah rammi hnatlaknak lak in nihin tiang hman a si. Hi phunghram kan
zoh ahcun ralkap nih an duhning in an sermi phunghram a si. Hluttaw inn pahnih
ah ralkap chungtel 25% an i tel, States, regions le autonomous regions 3 vialte
dihlak funh thutnak 883 ah ralkap nih 220 an tlaih. Cun, ralkap nih President
ca minung chuahpi khawh a si. Asullam cu ralkap chuahpi mi cu President a si lo
hmanh a tlawmbik rank vice president a si lai timi sullam a si. Cun, adang
Ministry zong ah ralkap nih power an ngei. Fiang deuh in kan chim ahcun ralkap
nih Myanmar ram cu 2008 phunghram in a hum i political power cu a zal chunh ah
aa sanh timi sullam a si.
2010 ah regime open a hung si i
thimnak tuah a rak si nain NLD cu a nuar i a rak lut lo. Ahnu 2012 chan karlak
thimnak ah a lut ciammam in tthutnak 44 a lawngmi ah 43 bak te an co. 2008
phunghram ning in a voihnihnak tuahmi ram pumpi thimnak cu 2015 ah tuah a hung
si tikah NLD nih Union hluttaw tthutnak 390 an hung lak, ram then (States le
regions le mah te khuakhan lairelnak region 3) ah tthutnak 496 an hung hmuh. Hi
tan thimnak cu ralkap party timi USDP le NLD kha biatak te in an hung i zuam
caan kha a si, palai 1130 veve in an i zuam. USDP cu Union hluttaw ah tthutnak
57 le ram then ah tthutnak 41 a co ve. Hihi zat hi cu 2010 i USDP nih an hmuhmi
he tahchunh ahcun tam tuk aa thlau kha hmuh khawh a si. Hi lio NLD nih
teinak ahmuhnak kong cu Ardeth Maung
Thawnghmung timi U.S.A ah political science professor (chair in her department)
nih cun atanglei bantuk in a chim.
1.
Suh Kyi a min than tuk ruang ah a
si.
2.
Tlangcung party nih party tampi an
ngeih ruang ah a si.
3.
Thim phung FTPT ruang ah a si, tiah
a chim.
“Time to Change” timi tlaihtleng nih
vawlei cu a cul dih. Teinak an hmuh tikah Myanmar ram cu democracy a si cang
lai tiah ram tampi an i lawm. Abik in democracy a uarmi pawl an i lawm. Sinain,
NLD cozah cu Rohingya buainak nih a hung zulh colh tikah international ah
mithmai tha lo an hung hmu. Suh Kyi upatnak an pekmi cu a tom tom in a ttil.
Nain, nihin tiang ah Suh Kyi cu uar tukmi a hung si rih. Phunghram aa remh kho
lomi cu ralkap nih an kham ruang ah a si timi ruang ah an uarning cu tam a zor
lem lo. Tlangcungmi hna nih an uarning a tlak cu phungdang a si. NLD cu
democracy a kan phak tertu an si. USDP le ralkap kut tang phak tthan nan duh lo
ahcun NLD hi thimfung kan thlak hna ding a si ko e, ti hi NLD tanhtu nih an
chim lengmangmi bia pakhat cu a si. “Development” a tuahmi ruang ah siseh, Suh
Kyi a minthang ruang ah siseh, ralkap tang kir duh lo ruang ah NLD flag color
asen nih mi tampi a sen ah a ser hna. Tlangcung party cu ahnu deuh ah kan thlak
te hna lai. Zeicatiah, atu cu ralkap uknak in chuah kan i timh lio a si. Kanpi
a nun lio te ahhin NLD cu vote ko hna usih! “Amah nih democracy a kan phakpi”
ti hi NLD tanhpitu hna nih chim lengmangmi bia cu a si. Zei khom a si ah,
Ralkap uknak cu kan duh ti lo, Kawl cu kan zum ti lo timi lei in tuak ahcun
CNLD thimfung thlak a si ko hnga. Sihmansehlaw, ralkap uknak kan duh ti lo,
CNLD nih cun a kan luat ter kho fawn lai lo a timi nih NLD thimfung thlak a si
ko hnga. Abiapi mi cu Chin kan si ca ah Chin nih hi party thimfung kan thlak
cun kan miak lai tiah ruah ahcun thimfung thlakding a si ko.
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