South Korea nih Myanmar ram cu Zei Zoh In Zeitin Arak Bawmh?

Introduction

South Korea nih Myanmar a bawmhning (ODA) cu nikhat hnu nikhat  a ṭhang chin. South Korea nih Myanmar a bawmhning cu soft power le realism theory kha a hman. Myanmar ram a bawmh thawng in amah ca ah benefit zong kha a tuak ve. Nihin i a tuahmi lakah 2011 ah thawkmi Seamaul Undong cu thil ṭha tam ngai a chuahpi ti, a si. South Korea nih ramdang ram a bawmh dan cu foreign aid i Western lei model he zong aa lo. Japan ram i ramdang bawmhning a tuahning he tam ngai aa lo tiah an ti. Mi cheukhat nih cun , "South Korea seems to have followed the past path of Japan in foreign aid", tiah an ti. Myanmar ram chung ah a bawmhning cu ODA le FDI tin phun hnih in an ṭhen. FDI bawmhnak Myanmar ram chung ah a pek zat hi SEA ram hna lak ah Vietnam dih in a tambik pahnihnak a si. ODA in 1991 in 2016 tiang Myanmar an bawmhmi (disbursement an tuahmi) hi US$ 222.25million, 2011 in 2015 tiang ah US$ 104.54 million, 2011 in 2016 ah US$ 682.74million an si. Myanmar le South Korea pehtlaihnak kan zoh ahcun consular relations an ngeih cu 1961 ah a rak si i, diplomatic relations an ngeih cu 1975 thawk in a rak si. South Korea nih ODA in Myanmar a bawmhnak cu amah i self -interest pathum ruang ah a si; the North Korean issue, China le Japan i zuam duhnak le domestic politics hna ruang ah a si. Hi capar ahcun  South Korea ramchung politics ah Myanmar- ODA nih zei ṭluk in impact a tuahmi timi le zeitin in a bawmh timi kong ka rak ṭial lai (ODA cu President a rak hruai).

1. North Korea kong ah Myanmar Bawmh

South Korea cozah nih aa zuammi lakah North Korea i denuclearization le Korean ram khat i fun ding hi a si. Hi bantuk aa zuammi hmuh khawh nakhnga ODA i a hman. North Korea kong he pehtlai in South Korea nih ASEAN ram pawl sin in thazaang peknak or support hmuh a duh. Sihmansehlaw, UN human rights kongkau ruang ah Myanmar ram ah South Korea cawlcanghnak cu duhning tluk in Vietnam, Mongolia le Laos ram hna i an cawlcanghning bantuk in a cawl kho lo. Cun, Myanmar cu North Korea ram he thil a kuami lakah top ten ah arak i tel ruang ah arak si ve. Tc, 2007 ah US$ 301,000 zat North Korea nih Myanmar ram ah thil an kuat. Thein Sein zong nih South Korea President Lee Myung Bak he an i ton lio ah North Korea thilri tampi kan hman tiah a chim. Cun, UN report zong ah Myanmar ram cu nihin tiang ah North Korea in thil an lak tiah a um.

Myanmar ram sifaknak cu North Korea ram i sifaknak he aa lawh ca ah Myanmar ram bawmh cu nikhatkhat i Korean i funh (One Korea) tik i sermi ram ca ah "rehearsal" khan a si ko tiah a timi zong an um. Western ram tampi nih Myanmar ram innkaa an phihkhar lio hmanh ODA cu Myanmar ram chung ah rian arak ṭuan ko tin, Annual Report 1994 nih atanglei bantuk in a chim.

"Socialist ram Myanmar ram cu ram tampi nih phih kharnak a tong ko nain nihin i ralkap cozah nih hin democracy lei ṭhialnak an i zuam duahmah ti cu constitution an tuahmi ah alang. Myanmar cozah nih South Korea cozah sinah bawmhnak an hal"

Kim Dea-jung chan ahcun human rights kongkau ruang ah Myanmar he an i pehtlaining cu hnulei ah a kir. Roh Moo hyun cozah chan ah a zual chin, economic sanction te pawl a hung chuak. Sinain, South Korea ca ah Myanmar a biapinak cu North Korea thazaang derter ding ah a si ṭhiam.

Tuluk le Japan he I zuamnak

US dih in ASEAN ram hna hi South Korea nih investment tuah a duhbiknak pahnihnak a si. Amah South Korea hrim hi ASEAN ram ah export a tuahbik pa nga arak si i, FDI in ASEAN ram 10 ah 2018 ah investment an tuah zat hi US$ 58.33billion a si tiah an thanh. Nikhat hnu nikhat hi a rank a kai fawn. Myanmar ram zoh ahcun China cu 1988 in nihin tiang Myanmar ram chung ah investment a tuahbik a si. 1988 in 2017 tiang  US$ 19.90 billion a hman. Japan nih 2013 ah Myanmar leiba US$ 3.7 billion a ngaih thiam leng ah project tampi in a bawmh rih fawn. Cu lak ah South Korea nih a bawmhmi cu US$ 130 million  lawng arak si. 2013 hnu in South Korea nih a bawmhning a karh. Biana ah, Incheon International Airport Corpoaration kha Hanthawaddy International Airpot sak ter, ruahnak pek le, Infrastructure, transportation kong te hna ah hung bawmh chin. Park Quen Hye chan ah South Korea FDI a rak ṭhat lem lo ca ah Myanmar ram sin in hmuh ṭhanding a miat a fian deuh ding lawng an rak ruah. Cu ruang ah Myanmar ram nih South Korea cozah cung ah biahalnak tampi an rak ngei. South Korea i Myanmar ram chung i investment a tuahmi zat cu Japan le China he tahchunh ahcun a tlawm ngaingai ti hmuh khawh a si.

Domestic Politics and Political Scandal

2009 ah Lee Myung Bak nih "New Asia Initiative" timi  Asia ram he pehtlai ningcang thar ahung thanh. ASEAN nih ASEAN-Korea Investment Agreement an thut bantuk in ASEAN - Korea Trade in Goods Agreement le ASEAN-South Korea Free Trade Area min an rak thut. 2015 i Seoul cozah nih ASEAN ah an bawmhmi zat cu US$ 400 million a rak si. ASEAN ram in 7,000 trainees an rak auh leng ah 10,000 South Korea volunteers pawl cu ASEAN ram ah rian an rak ṭuan. 2011 ah Saemaul Undong zong UDA tang in an rak tuak. 2016 ah rian ṭuan ṭi ding min thutnak tete zong an rak ngei. Cu lakah Myanmar's National Comprehensive Development Plan 2011-30 aa tel bantuk in Country Partership Strategy 2016-20,Economic Policy of the Union of Myanmar 2016 ti bantuk arak i tel. Moon Jae in chan ahcun  Myanmar ram i ODA cu tlawmpal te an dorh deuhnak a ruang cu 2016 i a rak ummi political scandal ruang ah arak si. Sinain 2018 ah Saemaul Undong ODA ca ah budget an karh. Media nih an chim ning ahcun Moon cozah nih budget karh ding an lung an i letnak cu ASEAN-ROK Summit ah Suh Kyi le Moon Jea In tonnak an ngeih hnu in a si, an ti. 

Conclusion

Hi capar nih cun South Korea nih Myanmar ram i an tuahmi ODA kong ah an ram chung political factor nih zei tluk in influence a tuah timi kha a si. A cung ah kan hmuh bantuk in pakhatnak ah North Korea factor kong he pehtlai in Myanmar  ram ODA cu a cawlcangh timi a si. Pahnihnak cu South Korea ca ah Japan le China he zuam in Myanmar ram ah an ODA tuah hi a har timi hmuh khawh a si. Pathumnak, South Korea ramchung politics kong ahcun Lee Myung Bak le Park chan i Myanmar ram pehtlainak cu a theipar a ṭhami an tampi. ODA policy cu President a tuahmi a si. An pahnih an tuahmi lak ah Saemaul Undong ODA le K-town project in Myanmar ti bantuk aa tel. Hi capar ah fiang te in kan hmuh khawhmi cu South Korea nih amah security ca le economic ca ah Myanmar ah ODA a tuah ti hi a si.

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Ref:
Hyo-Sook Kim . Number 3, December 2018. "The Political Drivers of South Korea's Official Development Assistance to Myanmar". Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International and Strategic Affairs, Volume 40, pp. 475-502 (Article)