Myanmar Ram Chung Thingram le Vawlei Buainak Kong Kherhhlainak

I.                  Biahmaithi:

Myanmar ram i thingram le vawlei kong buainak cu miphun kong buaibainak (Ethnic Conflict) he aa pehtlaimi a si. Ethnic timi cu a foinak in tlangcungmi ti a si i, conflict timi cu  i rem lonak le i hmuh thiam lonak kha a si. Conflicts cu i khah lonak in a chuakmi a si tiah Political Scientists tampi nih an hrihfiah. Myanmar ram chung i milu zatuak i 30%-40% karlak  hi tlangcungmi si a si . Hi tlangcungmi hna nih ngeihmi ram hi Myanmar ram i ram a kauh zatuak 57% tluk a si ¹

Myanmar ram chung i thingram le vawlei kong ah buainak a chuahnak a hrambik cu sipuazi tuahnak a tha mi (ti, thingram le nga tlaihnak ti bantuk) pawl pumpak kut tang ah um ter a duhmi mi rum lian pipi ruang in aa thawk. Ralkap chan ahcun sipuazi tuahnak a thatnak hmun pawl cu bawi nih chuh a si. An duhnak cu anmah sipuazi thanchonak ca ah a si ca ah thingram vawlei kong ah sipuazi tuahtu le ramkhel a tuantu an duhnak aa khat timi sullam a si. Hi ruang ah thingram le vawlei cu mi lian deuh ca ti phun deuh in a si ning a hung kal. Hi ruang ah policy siseh, upadi siseh ser a si tik ah mi rumlian le hruaitu (ralkap) hna duhning phun lawng in kalpi a si hi a si. Tlangcung ram vawlei hna i an sining zohfel piak lo in upadi ser an si hna.

Ralkap chan cu hramhram uknak a si ca ah ralkap nih a chuhmi thing le ram tampi a um. Thein Sein chan 2012 ah innkaa khar khumh bu in suai a simi upadi a um. Hi upadi ahcun ramdang investment kha papek a si. Thingram le vawlei kha hmahpungtin ding ti a si. Cun, Nihin NLD cozah chan zong ah 2018 ah an chuahmi thingram le vawlei  upadi a um. Hi capar ahcun cozah pathum chan ah zeitin buainak a rak um i, upadi hi zei ruang ah an buaipi timi le Laitlang ah vawlei kong buainak a tam ning kong kha  adotdot langhter a si.

 

Laitlang Dum le Thlam

II. Thingram le Vawlei Upadi A Umning

1. Ralkap Chan

1. Kum 1998 le 1999 kar ah Myanmar Golden Star company cu Ayeyarwady ram Ma Un Pin peng Ting Ngu, Ka Pat Kin in nichuah lei Da Pat khua hrawng ah vawlei ekah 5195 ralkap cozah nih tuahnak nawl a rak pek. Company nih lothlo pawl a fonh hna i rian a tuan ter. Lothlo pawl cu ekah pakhat ah taang/ttin (pheu hnih) 7 a phalh hna. 2014 le 2015 ah a phalhmi a pek khawh lo ca ah lothlo minung 30 nih taza an rak cuai bal.

2. 1996, 2006 le 2008 ah cozah nih thingram le vawlei hramhram in an rak chuhmi a rak um len. Cu chung ah Shan ram Muse District ah nawlngeitu hna nih Karuni pali ca ah vawlei ekah 338 kha hramhram in an rak chuh hna. Cu chuhmi vawlei cu cintlak a thatnak zawn te a si ca ah karuni pawl nih a cheukhat hmun hna cu lothlo tu an hlan hna i zatuak in hman man tu an lak hna. Cucu a ngeitu kha an chuh riang mang i, anmah ta a can hnu ah pawcawmnak a ngei lomi ram ngei kha an tuanter than. A cheukhat cu karuni pawl nih an chungkhat pawl an rak pek hna. A cheukhat cu anmah pumpak company ca ah an rak hman. Chemical aa telmi dat/thilri chuahnak company te hna an rak dirh ruang ah pawngkam ngandamnak ca tiang in ttih a rak nung. Hi bantuk ruang ahhin khuami cheukhat cu thlawhding lo an ngeih ti lo ca ah an si a fak chinchin i, a pemmi zong an rak um¹.

2. Thein Sein Chan

2012 lio ah innkaa khar khumh riangmang in President Thein Sein cozah nih thingram le vawlei kong ah upadi pakhat an ser. Cu upadi ahcun cozah nih thingram le vawlei chuh khawhnak pawl kha aa tel. Upadi nih thingram le vawlei zuarnak le cawk khawhnak a ser. Khua te lei nih ngeihmi ram kha ram chung investor le ramleng investor pawl ca ah tuahnak nawl a onh. Hi upadi ah hman a simi vawlei le lopil i thial in thlawh ning te pawl aa tel lo. A foinak in pupa ram timi hi upadi nih a theih lo ca ah tlangcung ram ah buainak a um. Hi ruang ah tlangcungmi le cozah karlak i rem lonak tete zong a rak chuah. Upadi nih rian tuan kho deuh lawng papek a si ca ah mi harsa ca khuasak ahar ter chin. VFV ((Vacant, Fallow and Virgin Land Law) upadi a ser ca ah VFV vawlei a um lo a timi tlangcung ram hna ah buainak a karh. Pupa ram a ngei nain ral ruang ah a tlimi nih an kir tik ah kan ram te tiah panhding ngei ti lo ding a tuah ti zong in ti khawh a si.Thein Sein cozah a ziam lai 2016 ah thingram le vawlei kong upadi he pehtlai in buainak a chuahmi fimtawl tak ding ah tiah NLUP (National Land Used Policy) a ser. Hihi policy ah tlangcungmi hna i tuahkhel, vawlei kong phunglam le ralzam hna le IDPs pawl ca ah vawlei le ram ngah khawh thannak nawl a onh. Sihmansehlaw, policy lawnglawng a si ca ah upadi nih a tak ah a tei ²

3. NLD Cozah Chan

NLD nih 2017 in thinghram le vawlei upadi hluttaw ah an chuah pi. Cu an chuahpi mi cu 2018 October 30 thawk in a nung. VFV upadi a um dan cu thingram le vawlei hmatpung tin khawh a si tin an thawk. thlaruk chung ah tuah ding,ti a si. Minung pakhat  nih kum 30 ca hmanpung tin khawh a si, ti a si. Hmatpung tin lo ahcun kum 2 thong siloah sing 5 dantat ding ti a si. Hihi cu Thein Sein chan upadi he aa dannak a um tuk lem lo. Upadi thiam cheukhat nih hi upadi cu minung covo a hnawrtu a si tiah an ruah. Pupa ram kha kum 30 hmannak nawl he a thlenter ti a si. Hmatpung a tin lo le dantat khawh a si thiamthiam ca ah ram ngeitu ca ah sunghnak lawng a um timi sullam a si. A cozah nih VFV a si tiah a ti khawhmi Myanmar ram chung ekah sang 45 leng a si i, cu chung i 82% cu tlangcung ram ah a ummi an si. Hi phunghram ruang ah anmah le an phung te in a um komi tlangcungmi ram ngei pawl kha mi sual ah a ser hna a si, tiah an ti fawn. Hi kong he pehtlai in LIOH timi bu le MATA timi bu nih hi VFV upadi hi hrawhpiak i, federal he aa tlakmi  vawlei upadi serpiak ding cozah sin ah an hal. Hi phu hnih hi vawlei kong he pehtlai in dermi zatlang bu an si.

Mipi duhnak kong he pehtlai in hriamtlaiphu cheukhat a simi KNU ti bantuk siseh, Cun, Kayah zatlang buu siseh, tlangcung party 15 fonhmi buu UNA siseh, Kachin ralzam buu siseh VFV upadi hnawnpiak ding ca thanh an chuah hna. KNU nih 1974 lio te in pumpak vawlei ngeihnak policy hi a hman cang. Cucu 2015 ah tling deuh in an remh chap. KNU i an policy ah tlangcungmi hna i an phunglam siseh, mi tam u hna i an vawlei covo siseh ralzam hna an vawlei covo  thannak siseh fiang te in a um. Cu ning in remh daihnak min thutnak (NCA) an tuah lio ah pom piakding KNU nih a chuahpi nain Kawl ralkap le NLD nih an lung a tling lo ca ah a phi a chuak lo. An i ceih lengmang nain bia an thlu khawh lo ca ah KNU cu remh daihnak meeting vialte an chuah tak dih.

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III.           Biadonghnak

2018 March 19 nih The Chinland Post nih BBC nih a tial a timi ning ah Chin ramkulh chung ah cozah nih tawlrelpiak ding in report tambik cu vawlei hmun kong ah a si ti a si. Mah kong cu ramkulh report ca lei zohfeltu committee lutlai Pu Phwe Aa nih fian ngai in a tanglei bantuk in a chim

“NLD cozah a kai hnu 2016 thok in report hi case 80 leng an si. Hi chung ah a tambik cu vawlei hmun kong ah a si” tiah a chim. Vawlei kong report mi chung in a bikin vawlei hmun zuarnak kong, rami lonh ruang, hlan pi le pu hna nih ngeimi vawlei hna le 2012 kum cozah nih vawlei hmun kong upadi a thar tuahmi hna i a buaimi an si. Kum hnih le cheu chung i report 80 leng ca a phakmi ah hin 20 lawng tawlrelpiak khawh an si rih” ⁴

Hi nih a fian termi cu cozah nih phung a sermi ruang ah buainak tampi a um ti khawh colh cu a si lo nain pehtlaihnak a ngei ko lai tiah ruah khawh a si. Hakha khua hna zong ah a cozah le ram ngeitu karlak buainak a chuahnak cu VFV ruang ah a si bik ko. Cozah rian tuan tu hna nih pupa ram a um lo ti hi an chim lengmang nain Lairam ram ngeihning ah a ummi a si fawn ca ah buainak a chuahnak hi a si. Hi kong he pehtlai in NCA minthut chung i a ummi thingram le vawlei ngeihnak kong lak in ka bia ka donghter duh. NCA biachahnak number 25 ah “Pawngkam kilvennak” kong cu he pehltai in fiang te in a tial. Pohmah 25(A-2)ah “Pawngkam kilven zohkhennak” kong cu EAO nih an duhning in thinghram le vawlei kong cu ceih siseh ti a um. Cu i a sullam cu tlangcungmi hna nih an duhmi ning in siseh ti a si ⁶. Nihin ning te in cozah nih a kalpi ahcun mirum lian deuh lawng nih ram hi ngeih khawh a hung si te hnga. A caw kho lawng nih ngeih a si te laic a ah a caw kho lomi sifak ca ah harnak a chuak kho. Cu ruang ah hi thingram phunghram i a thazaang a dernak kha a cunglei bantuk in ka rak chuahpinak a si.

 

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References:

1.      Jenifer Franco, Hannah Twomey, Khu Khu Ju, Pietje Vervest, Tom Kramer. The Meaning of Land in Myanmar. Published on  2001 September 26

2.      The Transnational Institute.“ကျုပ်တို့အပေါ် စစ်ကြေညာခြင်း” - ၂၀၁၈ ခုနှစ် VFV ဥပ ဒေပြင်ဆင်ချက်နှင့် တိုင်းရင်းသားလူမျိုးများအပေါ် ရိုက်ခတ်မှုများ

3.      Jason Gelbort. မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ၏ မြေလွတ်၊ မြေလပ်နှင့် မြေရိုင်းစီမံခန့်ခွဲရေးဥပဒေ အကောင်အထည်ဖော်မှု၊ တစ်နိုင်ငံလုံးအပစ်အခတ်ရပ်စဲရေးနှင့် ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေးညှိနှိုင်းဆွေးနွေးမှု အလားအလာ. Published on January 7, 2019

4.      The Chinland Post - Chin Ramkulh Chung I Report Tambik Cu Vawlei Hmun Kong A Si - http://thechinlandpost.info/chin-ramkulh-chung-i-report-tambik-cu-vawlei-hmun-kong-a-si/

5.      Vacant, Fallow and Virgin Land Law (amended 11 September 2018, by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No.24). Forest Trends conducted a legal analysis of the law prior to the recent amendments in 2012. Food Security Working Group’s Land Core Group, “Legal Review of Recently Enacted Farmland Law and Vacant, Fallow and Virgin Lands Management Law” (November 2012), available at: https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/fswg_lcg_legal-review-of-farmland-law-and-vacant-fallow-and-virgin-land-management-law-nov-2012-eng-2-pdf.pdf.

6.      In addition to land, women’s participation in the political dialogue and education programs are key issues addressed by the NCA meeting decisions. “Decisions and minutes made during NCA” (unofficial translation), SHAN Herald (11 January 2016), available at: https://english.shannews.org/archives/13393.

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Aung San Suh Kyi Kong Ṭialmi Cauk Lak ah AṬha Bakmi Cauk Pahnih

Ca tampi rel lo cun mit nih mi hmuh khawh tawk a hmu kho lo i, thluak nih mi tuak khawh tawk a ban kho lo, an ti. Carel lo ahcun pawngkam mi nih influence tuah a foi leng ah hlen zong a foi, tiah an chim rih. Carel cu hawikom minung tampi he bia va ruah bantuk a si leng ah fimnak tampi hmuhnak a si fawn. Cucaah, nihin ahcun cauk pahnih theihternak tuah ka duh. Cheukhat Lai mino hna nih zei ca dah ka rel ah a ṭhat hnga tiah an ka hal lengmang tawn. Hi pahnih ka tarmi hi cu Aung San Suh Kyi kong ṭialmi a si. Cucaah, ASSK le Myanmar politics ah lungluhnak a ngeimi nih cun rel ṭha a si tiah ka ruah.

1. Letter for Aung San Su Kyi
Noriko Otsu

"Letter for Aung San Su Kyi" timi cauk cu Japan nu Noriko Otsu nih a rak ṭialmi ca uk a si. Noriko le Suh Kyi hi hawikom ṭha an rak si i, England ram London le Oxford hrawnghrang an rak um lio ah a rak i naihniam tukmi an rak si. Hawikom unau bantuk an rak si. England ram i Japan ram ah researcher dirhmun in Suh Kyi a kal tikah Noriko te cu Japan ram ah an rak um lio a si i, Japan ram ah Suh Kyi le a fapa hniang zong ṭha te in a rak zoh khenhtu hawikom ṭha an si. Noriko le a vapa cu ram kip ah research ṭuan ah a rak kal tawnmi an si. An i ton lo tik ah zong ah ca arak i kuat lengmangmi an rak si.

Noriko cu Suh Kyi nih a nu cawngh ding ah Myanmar ram a tlun tikah SK vapa Micheal Aris le a fale an harning ti bantuk kha mit hmuh kut tongh in a hmutu arak si. Rawl zong a rak cawih tawn hna leng ah Micheal he bia tampi an rak i ruat. SK a tlun hlan i an nehnaang vialte kha a hlawi. Hi ti a ṭialmi nih England ram ah Suh Kyi dirhmun kha tampi theihternak careltu sinah a tuah. "Pound 10 lawng kan ngei cang e, Noriko.."  tiah SK nih phaisa an  ngeih ti lonak le rawl a chuan tawnnak kong  te hna aa tel. Suh Kyi cu sepbing te aa cinh in dawr a kalnak, Suh Kyi cu zapi hmanmi thilsuknak ah thil a va suk tawnnak tbk zong a ṭial. Amah Noriko he an rak tuah tawnmi le rawl an rak hrawm tawnning zong kha tampi hmuh khawh a si.

A hlei cei in. SK i a crush kong zong a ṭial chih tikah SK le Noriko i an i naihniamning cu hawikom sawhsawh timi nakin a thuk deuhmi mawfa phun an rak si tinak a rak si. London ram ah Myanmar rammi sinak aa tlaih zungzalmi a rak si leng ah Japan ram rian a ṭuan tikah Myanmar tanzung ah tax a a peknak kong te hna zong a ṭial. Micheal te pafa pathum an rak hmei caan ah zeitin khua an sak i, an fapa le pahnih zei bantuk dirhmuh dah an ton tbk zong a ṭial fawn. 

A foinak in chim ahcun hi cauk ahcun SK i ahmet lio in Noriko le Suh Kyi an i ton ṭhan tiang kong a si. Biography cauk a si ca ah rel nuam ngaingai a si fawn. Cauk hi Japan holh in rak ṭialmi arak si nain  holh tampi in an leh. Kawl holh in သီတာစမ်း (စမ်းချောင်း) nih Noriko nawl hal in a leh ve. Hi ca
kan relnak thawng in SK i a dirhmun kha a hram thawk in kan theih khawh leng ah, Myanmar ram a tlun hnu i, a va le a fale pahnih an rak harning te pawl hmuh khawh a si. Ralkap chan ah Noriko le a vapa cu Myanmar ram an rak tlung nain SK hawile kan si ti hmanh an rak chim ngam lo. Ahnu ah hawikom mawfa pahnih lunglom te in an i ton ṭhannak kong hmuh le rel khawh a si.

2. Peter Popham. "The Lady and The Generals: Aung San Suu Kyi and Burma's Struggle for Freedom" 

Peter Popham timi Ireland miphun journalist arak ṭialmi a si. Anih Peter hi Myanmar ram kong he pehtlai in hlathlainak tampi 1991 in a rak tuah cangmi a rak si. Asia ram kong he pehtlai in cauk tampi a rak ṭialtu scholar pakhat a si. Cucaah, a cauk hi rel awk a ṭlak i, Myanmar ramkhel a kan hrilh fianh khotu pakhat zong a si ve.

Innthong in Suh Kyi a chuah in Myanmar politics cu a thawk i, ralbawi hlun cozah luthlai pawl an dirhmun le a hlan i ralkap chung i thil a rak ummi kong kha a cawih kerh. NLD an dirhkaa in harnak a chuahnak tbk... ralkap chung ah i zumh lonak a umnak te hna zong a telh chih. Chapter 14 a sau. Suh Kyi innthong in a chuah in a thawk i, 2015 election result ah a dongh. Sihmansehlaw, a ca kan rel tikah 2010 in 2015 tiang thil cangmi lawng si lo in ralkap i an hrilh hram le SK le NLD i an hrilh hram a cawihmi nih thil hmuh bal lomi tampi theihternak a kan tuah.

Phunghram kong a ṭialmi ah Myanmar ram phunghram cu khuaruahhar a sinak kong aa tel. Hluttaw chung ah ralkap a ṭhumi cu Myanmar ram lawng an si tbk.. phunghram chung le phunghram kong ah cawih awk a tlakmi pawl kha a hlai cawih hna. A biapi in a chimmi pakhat lak ah ralkap chan i law um dan kha a rak si.  Ralkap chan ahcun law a theimi sihni nakin ralbawi he pehtlainak ṭha a ngeimi sihni an rak lar deuh. A ruang cu ralkap bia in bia thluk tawn a si ca ah a si tiah, a ṭial.

Hi cauk kan relnak thawng in chanthar Myanmar politics cu tam ngai theihnak kan i chap lai. Ralkap i an dirhmun le Suh Kyi a dirhmun an i dannak le an i khahnak zong hmuh khawh a si. Cun, hluttaw chung siseh, phunghram kong siseh, ramdang he pehtlainak siseh, kahdaihnak kong siseh, tlangcungmi kong siseh tampi fonh in chapter 14 in ṭialmi a si ca ah rel tlak ngaingai a si. Cauk cu mirang ca in an rak ṭialmi asi nain မောင်မြတ်မိုး  nih " ‌‌ဒေါ််အောင်ဆန်းစုကြည်နှင် ဗိုလ်ချုပ်ကြီးများ" ti in a lehmi a um. Hmai 440 leng a si. 

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May 12, 2017
Friday
12:30am

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Hngiate Biakam Arak i Thawkning

Hngiate t`em/ngerh in biakamnak tuah cu vawleicung ah a laar ngaimi le uar ngaimi pakhat a si. Hngakchia le a hringtu, hawi le kom , ngaknu le tlangval, ti bantukin aa dawmi hna nih bia an ikamhnak ah hmanmi a si.

Mah hihi biakamnak tuah dan hi, “This Little Piggy” timi hngakchia hna lentecelh nuamnak ah sakmi hla in arak i thawkmi a si, ti asi. Mah hla hi hngakchia hna nih kumzabu 17 lio hrawngah kut le ke pawl relnak ah rak sakmi arak si, ti asi fawn i, Piggy timi cu Pig (vok) in ahun rami mirang cafang kha a si. Sihmanhsehlaw, This Little Piggy timi hla an sak tikah hngakchia hna nih piggy timi zawn aphak tik ahcun an kut te kha an langhter; kut dong hi piggy a si tinak in.

Mah tin kut tleih bu le kut langhter bu in lente an i celh nakin hmundang ah kalding hawile nih, "ka rak ra tthan lai" tinak ah, a hngaite dong cu a um ta ding a hawi hngiate he a ngerh ta tawn ti, asi. Asullam cu “ Vok te ( A ) cu Vok te(B) sin ah rak kir tthan seh ti duhnak a si ee, an ti. Piggy cu Pinky tiah Mirang hna nih an rak thlen tikah Pinky Swear (Pinky finger promise) ti lan behnak hi cu a si ee, an ti.

Japan ram ahcun kutdong thamp ngam in pekmi biakam tinak ah, "Finger cut-off" tiah an auh ve. A biakam aa let sual ( a buar sual) asi ahcun biakam can ah a hngaite rak tanh piak zong a rak si. Mah ruangah bia an ikamhmi cungah, "Ka hngaite in kaa kam" tinak ah an hnigate cu an ngerh rak tawn. Hngaite tan hlan chung cu a hmun i, a um tilo hnu lawng ah biakam cu ngol in i phlihter khawh asi. Atuchan ahcun nungak le tlangval le aa dawmi tampi hna nih an idawtnak hmelchunhnak le bia kamhnak hna ah rak hmanmi a si cang.

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