Myanmar Ram Chung Thingram le Vawlei Buainak Kong Kherhhlainak

I.                  Biahmaithi:

Myanmar ram i thingram le vawlei kong buainak cu miphun kong buaibainak (Ethnic Conflict) he aa pehtlaimi a si. Ethnic timi cu a foinak in tlangcungmi ti a si i, conflict timi cu  i rem lonak le i hmuh thiam lonak kha a si. Conflicts cu i khah lonak in a chuakmi a si tiah Political Scientists tampi nih an hrihfiah. Myanmar ram chung i milu zatuak i 30%-40% karlak  hi tlangcungmi si a si . Hi tlangcungmi hna nih ngeihmi ram hi Myanmar ram i ram a kauh zatuak 57% tluk a si ¹

Myanmar ram chung i thingram le vawlei kong ah buainak a chuahnak a hrambik cu sipuazi tuahnak a tha mi (ti, thingram le nga tlaihnak ti bantuk) pawl pumpak kut tang ah um ter a duhmi mi rum lian pipi ruang in aa thawk. Ralkap chan ahcun sipuazi tuahnak a thatnak hmun pawl cu bawi nih chuh a si. An duhnak cu anmah sipuazi thanchonak ca ah a si ca ah thingram vawlei kong ah sipuazi tuahtu le ramkhel a tuantu an duhnak aa khat timi sullam a si. Hi ruang ah thingram le vawlei cu mi lian deuh ca ti phun deuh in a si ning a hung kal. Hi ruang ah policy siseh, upadi siseh ser a si tik ah mi rumlian le hruaitu (ralkap) hna duhning phun lawng in kalpi a si hi a si. Tlangcung ram vawlei hna i an sining zohfel piak lo in upadi ser an si hna.

Ralkap chan cu hramhram uknak a si ca ah ralkap nih a chuhmi thing le ram tampi a um. Thein Sein chan 2012 ah innkaa khar khumh bu in suai a simi upadi a um. Hi upadi ahcun ramdang investment kha papek a si. Thingram le vawlei kha hmahpungtin ding ti a si. Cun, Nihin NLD cozah chan zong ah 2018 ah an chuahmi thingram le vawlei  upadi a um. Hi capar ahcun cozah pathum chan ah zeitin buainak a rak um i, upadi hi zei ruang ah an buaipi timi le Laitlang ah vawlei kong buainak a tam ning kong kha  adotdot langhter a si.

 

Laitlang Dum le Thlam

II. Thingram le Vawlei Upadi A Umning

1. Ralkap Chan

1. Kum 1998 le 1999 kar ah Myanmar Golden Star company cu Ayeyarwady ram Ma Un Pin peng Ting Ngu, Ka Pat Kin in nichuah lei Da Pat khua hrawng ah vawlei ekah 5195 ralkap cozah nih tuahnak nawl a rak pek. Company nih lothlo pawl a fonh hna i rian a tuan ter. Lothlo pawl cu ekah pakhat ah taang/ttin (pheu hnih) 7 a phalh hna. 2014 le 2015 ah a phalhmi a pek khawh lo ca ah lothlo minung 30 nih taza an rak cuai bal.

2. 1996, 2006 le 2008 ah cozah nih thingram le vawlei hramhram in an rak chuhmi a rak um len. Cu chung ah Shan ram Muse District ah nawlngeitu hna nih Karuni pali ca ah vawlei ekah 338 kha hramhram in an rak chuh hna. Cu chuhmi vawlei cu cintlak a thatnak zawn te a si ca ah karuni pawl nih a cheukhat hmun hna cu lothlo tu an hlan hna i zatuak in hman man tu an lak hna. Cucu a ngeitu kha an chuh riang mang i, anmah ta a can hnu ah pawcawmnak a ngei lomi ram ngei kha an tuanter than. A cheukhat cu karuni pawl nih an chungkhat pawl an rak pek hna. A cheukhat cu anmah pumpak company ca ah an rak hman. Chemical aa telmi dat/thilri chuahnak company te hna an rak dirh ruang ah pawngkam ngandamnak ca tiang in ttih a rak nung. Hi bantuk ruang ahhin khuami cheukhat cu thlawhding lo an ngeih ti lo ca ah an si a fak chinchin i, a pemmi zong an rak um¹.

2. Thein Sein Chan

2012 lio ah innkaa khar khumh riangmang in President Thein Sein cozah nih thingram le vawlei kong ah upadi pakhat an ser. Cu upadi ahcun cozah nih thingram le vawlei chuh khawhnak pawl kha aa tel. Upadi nih thingram le vawlei zuarnak le cawk khawhnak a ser. Khua te lei nih ngeihmi ram kha ram chung investor le ramleng investor pawl ca ah tuahnak nawl a onh. Hi upadi ah hman a simi vawlei le lopil i thial in thlawh ning te pawl aa tel lo. A foinak in pupa ram timi hi upadi nih a theih lo ca ah tlangcung ram ah buainak a um. Hi ruang ah tlangcungmi le cozah karlak i rem lonak tete zong a rak chuah. Upadi nih rian tuan kho deuh lawng papek a si ca ah mi harsa ca khuasak ahar ter chin. VFV ((Vacant, Fallow and Virgin Land Law) upadi a ser ca ah VFV vawlei a um lo a timi tlangcung ram hna ah buainak a karh. Pupa ram a ngei nain ral ruang ah a tlimi nih an kir tik ah kan ram te tiah panhding ngei ti lo ding a tuah ti zong in ti khawh a si.Thein Sein cozah a ziam lai 2016 ah thingram le vawlei kong upadi he pehtlai in buainak a chuahmi fimtawl tak ding ah tiah NLUP (National Land Used Policy) a ser. Hihi policy ah tlangcungmi hna i tuahkhel, vawlei kong phunglam le ralzam hna le IDPs pawl ca ah vawlei le ram ngah khawh thannak nawl a onh. Sihmansehlaw, policy lawnglawng a si ca ah upadi nih a tak ah a tei ²

3. NLD Cozah Chan

NLD nih 2017 in thinghram le vawlei upadi hluttaw ah an chuah pi. Cu an chuahpi mi cu 2018 October 30 thawk in a nung. VFV upadi a um dan cu thingram le vawlei hmatpung tin khawh a si tin an thawk. thlaruk chung ah tuah ding,ti a si. Minung pakhat  nih kum 30 ca hmanpung tin khawh a si, ti a si. Hmatpung tin lo ahcun kum 2 thong siloah sing 5 dantat ding ti a si. Hihi cu Thein Sein chan upadi he aa dannak a um tuk lem lo. Upadi thiam cheukhat nih hi upadi cu minung covo a hnawrtu a si tiah an ruah. Pupa ram kha kum 30 hmannak nawl he a thlenter ti a si. Hmatpung a tin lo le dantat khawh a si thiamthiam ca ah ram ngeitu ca ah sunghnak lawng a um timi sullam a si. A cozah nih VFV a si tiah a ti khawhmi Myanmar ram chung ekah sang 45 leng a si i, cu chung i 82% cu tlangcung ram ah a ummi an si. Hi phunghram ruang ah anmah le an phung te in a um komi tlangcungmi ram ngei pawl kha mi sual ah a ser hna a si, tiah an ti fawn. Hi kong he pehtlai in LIOH timi bu le MATA timi bu nih hi VFV upadi hi hrawhpiak i, federal he aa tlakmi  vawlei upadi serpiak ding cozah sin ah an hal. Hi phu hnih hi vawlei kong he pehtlai in dermi zatlang bu an si.

Mipi duhnak kong he pehtlai in hriamtlaiphu cheukhat a simi KNU ti bantuk siseh, Cun, Kayah zatlang buu siseh, tlangcung party 15 fonhmi buu UNA siseh, Kachin ralzam buu siseh VFV upadi hnawnpiak ding ca thanh an chuah hna. KNU nih 1974 lio te in pumpak vawlei ngeihnak policy hi a hman cang. Cucu 2015 ah tling deuh in an remh chap. KNU i an policy ah tlangcungmi hna i an phunglam siseh, mi tam u hna i an vawlei covo siseh ralzam hna an vawlei covo  thannak siseh fiang te in a um. Cu ning in remh daihnak min thutnak (NCA) an tuah lio ah pom piakding KNU nih a chuahpi nain Kawl ralkap le NLD nih an lung a tling lo ca ah a phi a chuak lo. An i ceih lengmang nain bia an thlu khawh lo ca ah KNU cu remh daihnak meeting vialte an chuah tak dih.

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III.           Biadonghnak

2018 March 19 nih The Chinland Post nih BBC nih a tial a timi ning ah Chin ramkulh chung ah cozah nih tawlrelpiak ding in report tambik cu vawlei hmun kong ah a si ti a si. Mah kong cu ramkulh report ca lei zohfeltu committee lutlai Pu Phwe Aa nih fian ngai in a tanglei bantuk in a chim

“NLD cozah a kai hnu 2016 thok in report hi case 80 leng an si. Hi chung ah a tambik cu vawlei hmun kong ah a si” tiah a chim. Vawlei kong report mi chung in a bikin vawlei hmun zuarnak kong, rami lonh ruang, hlan pi le pu hna nih ngeimi vawlei hna le 2012 kum cozah nih vawlei hmun kong upadi a thar tuahmi hna i a buaimi an si. Kum hnih le cheu chung i report 80 leng ca a phakmi ah hin 20 lawng tawlrelpiak khawh an si rih” ⁴

Hi nih a fian termi cu cozah nih phung a sermi ruang ah buainak tampi a um ti khawh colh cu a si lo nain pehtlaihnak a ngei ko lai tiah ruah khawh a si. Hakha khua hna zong ah a cozah le ram ngeitu karlak buainak a chuahnak cu VFV ruang ah a si bik ko. Cozah rian tuan tu hna nih pupa ram a um lo ti hi an chim lengmang nain Lairam ram ngeihning ah a ummi a si fawn ca ah buainak a chuahnak hi a si. Hi kong he pehtlai in NCA minthut chung i a ummi thingram le vawlei ngeihnak kong lak in ka bia ka donghter duh. NCA biachahnak number 25 ah “Pawngkam kilvennak” kong cu he pehltai in fiang te in a tial. Pohmah 25(A-2)ah “Pawngkam kilven zohkhennak” kong cu EAO nih an duhning in thinghram le vawlei kong cu ceih siseh ti a um. Cu i a sullam cu tlangcungmi hna nih an duhmi ning in siseh ti a si ⁶. Nihin ning te in cozah nih a kalpi ahcun mirum lian deuh lawng nih ram hi ngeih khawh a hung si te hnga. A caw kho lawng nih ngeih a si te laic a ah a caw kho lomi sifak ca ah harnak a chuak kho. Cu ruang ah hi thingram phunghram i a thazaang a dernak kha a cunglei bantuk in ka rak chuahpinak a si.

 

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References:

1.      Jenifer Franco, Hannah Twomey, Khu Khu Ju, Pietje Vervest, Tom Kramer. The Meaning of Land in Myanmar. Published on  2001 September 26

2.      The Transnational Institute.“ကျုပ်တို့အပေါ် စစ်ကြေညာခြင်း” - ၂၀၁၈ ခုနှစ် VFV ဥပ ဒေပြင်ဆင်ချက်နှင့် တိုင်းရင်းသားလူမျိုးများအပေါ် ရိုက်ခတ်မှုများ

3.      Jason Gelbort. မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ၏ မြေလွတ်၊ မြေလပ်နှင့် မြေရိုင်းစီမံခန့်ခွဲရေးဥပဒေ အကောင်အထည်ဖော်မှု၊ တစ်နိုင်ငံလုံးအပစ်အခတ်ရပ်စဲရေးနှင့် ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေးညှိနှိုင်းဆွေးနွေးမှု အလားအလာ. Published on January 7, 2019

4.      The Chinland Post - Chin Ramkulh Chung I Report Tambik Cu Vawlei Hmun Kong A Si - http://thechinlandpost.info/chin-ramkulh-chung-i-report-tambik-cu-vawlei-hmun-kong-a-si/

5.      Vacant, Fallow and Virgin Land Law (amended 11 September 2018, by Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No.24). Forest Trends conducted a legal analysis of the law prior to the recent amendments in 2012. Food Security Working Group’s Land Core Group, “Legal Review of Recently Enacted Farmland Law and Vacant, Fallow and Virgin Lands Management Law” (November 2012), available at: https://www.forest-trends.org/wp-content/uploads/imported/fswg_lcg_legal-review-of-farmland-law-and-vacant-fallow-and-virgin-land-management-law-nov-2012-eng-2-pdf.pdf.

6.      In addition to land, women’s participation in the political dialogue and education programs are key issues addressed by the NCA meeting decisions. “Decisions and minutes made during NCA” (unofficial translation), SHAN Herald (11 January 2016), available at: https://english.shannews.org/archives/13393.