Empower, Engage and Inspire

Nation Building Kong Iruah Tinak

Nation building le state building hi aa lo ngaimi le cawh a foi ngaimi an si. Nation building timi cu holh le ca tuanbia le biaknak ah zapi ihrawmmi si lo ah zaran ihrawmmi “common identity” siloah “national identity”...

၂၂ကြိမ်မြောက် တောင်ကိုရီးယားနိုင်ငံ၏ လွတ်တော်ရွေးကောက်ပွဲကို လေ့လာခြင်း

၂၀၂၄ခုနှစ် ဧပြီလ ၁၀ရက်နေ့တွင် ကျင်းပပြုလုပ်သော တောင်ကိုရီးယားနိုင်ငံ၏ ၂၂ကြိမ်မြောက် လွတ်တော်ရွေးကောက်ပွဲတွင် ဒီမိုကရက်တစ်ပါတီမှ အပြတ်အသတ်အနိုင်ရရှိကြောင်း သတင်းတက်လာပါသည်။ ဤရွေးကောက်ပွဲတွင် မဲပေးနှုန်းသည် ၆၇% ရှိရာ ၁၉၉၂ နောက်ပိုင်း.....

ဆွစ်ဇာလန်နိုင်ငံ၏ ဖက်ဒရယ်ပြည်ထောင်စုအကြောင်း လေ့လာခြင်း

ဆွစ်ဇာလန်နိုင်ငံသည် ‌ရှေ့ယခင်သမိုင်းတွင် မဟာမိတ်များ စုဖွဲ့နေထိုင်တဲ့စနစ်ဖြစ်သော ကွန်ဖက်ဒရေးရှင်း (Confederation)စနစ်ကို အသုံးပြုသော နိုင်ငံတော် ဖြစ်ပါသည်၊ ထိုစနစ်မှတစ်ဆင့် ၁၈၄၈ခုနှစ်တွင်.....

စစ်ကောင်စီ ကျင်းပမည့် ရွေးကောက်ပွဲဟာ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံအတွက် အကျိုးဖြစ်နိုင်မလား?

မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ၏ ဗြိတိသျှမသိမ်းပိုက်မီ သမိုင်းနဲ့ ပက်သက်ပြီး မြန်မာနိုင်ငံသားများအကြား အမြင်မတူညီမူ့ များစွာ ရှိသော်လည်း ယနေ့မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်သည် ၁၉၄၇ခုနှစ် ဖေဖော်ဝါရီလ ၁၂ရက်နေ့တွင် ချုပ်ဆိုသော ပင်လုံစာချုပ်မှ ဆင်းသက်လာသည်ကိုမူ အများစုက.....

Benedict Anderson tialmi "Imagined Communities" Cauk Review

Nationalism kongkau zoh tikah ahram ngaingai a um lo. Soviet Union te pawl hi Communism silaoh Socialism pawl defend an rak duh ruang ah ral an tho i, Germany (1953), Hungary (1956), Czechslovakia (1968), le Afaghanistan (1980) ram pawl hriamnam hmang in an.....

Monday, May 20, 2019

Research Proposal Ṭialning Tawi

Research Proposal cu zeidah a si?

Research Proposal cu research ṭial hnikmi kong zeitin ka tuah lai timi bantuk ṭialmi a si i, cucu M.A/Ph.D ti bantuk sianginn sok tik siloah, thesis/disertation ṭialding timh tuahmi langhtermi khi an si. Zeitindah ka tial lai timi le, research tuahdingmi tungtlang pawl kha felfai te in langhtermi an si. Afoinak in research tuahdingmi kongkha a tawi fiannak in ṭialmi a si. Cucu kong cu kan hun langhter lai.

Zeitindah tungtlang (content) kan ṭhen lai?

Research tuahning hi aa lo cio lo nain, social science he aa pehtlaimi cawnnak ahcun (1) Introduction (2) Literature Review (3) Methodology (4) Data Collection (5) Data Analysis le Discussion (6) Conclusion tiah an ṭhen bik. Hi ṭhen (6) kong cu atanglei bantuk in a si lai.

(1) Introduction

Introduction cu Lai ca ṭial tik i biahmai ṭhi khi a si. Hikaa ahcun ca chung i a ummi pawl siloah saduh thah pawl kha tawifiang te in ṭial ahau. Phundang in careltu hna lunglak ding ah biahmaiṭhi cu a biapi taktak. Cu ti a biapimi cu atanglei bantukin an ṭialbik theo tawn.

a.       Statement of Problem
A ṭling lomi siloah  a chambaumi, aa palhmi ti bantuk ruang ah phisin a haumi tete problem a umnak kha fiangte in langhter ahau. Hi ti problem a ummi nih zeidah a chuahpi kho lai ti le phisin aherhnak te hna ṭial chih tikah careltu lung a lak khun.

b.      Saduhthah (Purpose of Study/Objective)
- Research paper nih aa tinhmi cu ṭling le fiang te in ṭial a hau. Cheukhat ahcun hikaa ahcun ho te nih dah hi bantuk hi an rel awk a si le zeidah a chuahpi lai ti zong kha an telh chih tawn.

c.       Research Question
- Research Question cu research nih a kawlmi siloah a tuah hnawhchanmi biahalnak kha a si ko. Biahalnak (Question) a um lo ahcun a phi (Answer) a um lo  bantuk in buaibainak (Statement of problem) a um lo ahcun biahalnak a um ve lo. Mah ca ah hikaa ahcun kawl aherhmi (research) ahaunak (Question) in langhter ahau. Cucu (Question) phit le kawl cu research paper ahcun a biapi ngaimi a si.

d.      Hypothesis
Hypothesis cu a foinak in ruah damhmi khi a si ko. Cu ruahdamhmi test ning null hypothesis le alternative hypothesis tin a um. Null hypothesis ruahdamhmi a dik lo, siloah aphi ruahchanmi he aa dangmi a phi a chuah khi a si. Cun, alternative hypothesis timi cu reseracher nih a zumhmi le a ruahning te in a dik ko timi a phi a chuakmi kha a si.
Example,
“Laitlang ahcun Pa cu nu nakin an thla-hlawh a sang deuh ” hi hypothesis hei sisehlaw,

·         Null hypothesis nih cun – Laitlang ah nu le pa thla-hlawh aa dang lo (khat) ti lei kap in a test lai.

·         Alternative hypothesis nih cun – Laitlang ah nu nakin pa an thla hlawh a sang deuh ti kha a test lai.

(2) Literature Review

Literature review timi cu research tuah hlan ah research tuah duhmi topic kong he pehtlai in hlan deuh scholar pawl nih zeitin an rak hmuh le an rak ruah timi kha langhter a si. A bik in, hikaa ahcun caṭialtu nih ṭial hnawhchan a duhmi le a um ciami literature kar ah a baumi te kha langhter i, kawl herhnak thlir khi a si. Acheu khat nih cun Literature Review tang ahcun Theoritical Framewokre an chiah i, cu in cun conceptual framework an ser.

(3) Method

Research proposal ca ahcun zeitin research ka tuah lai timi method langhter hi a biapi bik a si, ti a si. Hikaa ahcun “study design” in zeitin in, khoikaa, zei bantuk caan ah, zei lam in tbk in research tuah i timhnak kha langhter ahau.

Example,

·         Laitlang ah nu le pa an thla-hlawh aa khat timi tlangtar kha research topic a si ahcun, research method ca ah a si kho mi cu nu le pa thim i, thla-hlawh aa khah le aa dannak hlat. Siloah, Company pawl thla-hlawh pekning cu December thla ah Hakha ah motor in ka kal lai i ka hlat lai ti bantuk langhter kha a si.

A foinak in cun research method cu researcher nih aa ziak bikmi lam in aa tinhmi saduhthah hmuh khawhding method aa thimmi a si.

(4)  Data Collection

Data collection timi cu research tuah itimhmi topic kong he pehtlai in aherhmi data pawl khomhning kha  asi. Data khomning cu thiam lo ahcun research tuah caan arau kho i, thiam ahcun research lim afoi ca ah data collection cu a biapi ngaingai. Data collection laknak pahnih a um; primary data le secondary data ti, a si. A sullam cu primary data cu a um bal lomi kong mah te in ningcang ser i, data lakning a si. E.g, Laimi nih Rohingya hi kan daw maw ti kong hngalh duh ca ah mi va hal i, data lak tbk. Cun, secondary research cu a um ciami data lak kha a si. Bn, Laitlang ah pa le nu thla-hlawh zohnak timi tlangtar kha research topic a si ahcun, mi pakhat nih nu thla-hlawh research a tuahmi a um cang ahcun khakha lak i, data ah hman kha secondary data lakning cu a si.

Cu ti data khomh tikah qualitative research method le quantitative research method hi an biapi ve. Afoinak in Qualitative cu survey, biahal tbk ruahnak va hal phun hramh a bunhmi khi a si. Research paper chuah tik zong ah “kong lam” kha cafang in ṭial an si. Nain, quantitative research method cu number le symbol he langhter deuh a si. A sullam cu quantitative research method hman ahcun cawsa a ei lomi nih zei ruang ah cawsa an ei lo timi nakin cawsa a ei lomi (5) an si ti bantuk in vun langhter kha a si. Chanthar ahcun quantitative research method hi a hung lar ngaimi pakhat a si. Aruang cu ca nakin number, kanan ti bantuk in langhter a si ca ah thiam ahcun caan aheu deuh.

(5) Data Analysis/ Data Zoh Fel Siloah Result or Finding

Hikaa ahcun data lakmi vialte kha ṭha te in rel le zoh dih hnu ah a phi langhter kha a si. Phundang cun research tuahmi vialte siloah tinhmi kha hikaa ahcun a dik or dik lo langhter a si. Bn, Laitlang ah pa le nu an thla-hlawh aa khat timi research tuahmi cu “tax an pekmi zoh tikah aa khat or a khat lo” ti bantuk hoi in langhter kha a si. Cheukhat nih cun hi number (5) hi Main Argument an ti i, research hmuhmi kong chimnak a si ca ah a biapi tuk hringhran, an ti. Cucaah, ca an rel tikah research question le research method a dih cun hikaa hi direct in an zoh theo tawn ve. Acheukhat nih cun data analysis an tuah dih hnu ah discussion an tel ve theo tawn.

* Cheukhat cu (4) le (5) hi a fonhmi zong an um ve.

(6) Conclusion

Conclusion cu bia donghnak a si ca ah research cu zeitin in rak tuah a si i, zeidah a hmuh ti bantuk in bia tlangkhar kha a si.

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Sunday, May 05, 2019

2017 S.Korea President Aa Cuhmi Pawl Kong Tawi

S.Korea sersiamnak ah philh khawh lomi President hlun cu Park Chung He (1961-1979) asi. Park nih arak i tlaihmi cu “Ram sifak nih democracy kan i tlak lo, hruaitu t`ha tu kan herh ,” ti arak si. Cu pa ruang ah S.Korea hi tam tuk te a thleng tiah zumh asi. Cu Pa cu nai ah S.Korea President Inn ( Blue house ) in an dawimi a voi 11nak S.Korea President Park Guen-Hye i a pa kha asi. Park Geun-Hye cu ahmasabik nu President arak si na in, rammi nih a rian `uanning an lung a tling ti lo ca ah an rak au hnawh i, President inn in an chuah leng ah atu cu thonginn ah an khumh cang. Amah aiawh President ( Acting President) cu 2016 December 9 thok in Hwang Kyo-ahn an timi pa nih a hun chaan chung. Cu ti President an dawi le thong an thlak ruang ah S.Korea cu mipi nih thim taktakmi President an ngei ti lo ca ah tukum kumdongh lei ah tuahding President election cu ahmai ah an dawh i May 9 (ni hnih ni ), 2017 ah an tuah cang lai. Cu i aa cuhding hi minung 5 an si hna i, cu hna kong cu tlawmpal kan i ruah hna lai.
Hong Jun-pyo,Anh Cheol Soo,Yon Seong Mim Sim Sang Jung,Moon Jae-in (L-R)

Moon Jae-in ( Minjoo Party of Korea)
1953, January 24 (kum 63) ah Geoje, S.Korea ah arak chuak. Kyung Hee University in Law ( LL.B.) arak kaimi asi. Sianginn arak kai lio ah Yunshin Constitution  duh lonak an rak chim rel ruang ah an rak phuah bal. Cu dih ah ralkap ( sit muh than) ah arak kal. Ralkap in a chuah hnu ah Bar Exam timi arak aung. Cu dih cun sianginn zong arak aung leng ah a rak i timhmi lawyer zong arak `uan. Lawyer arak `uan dih in 2009kum ah amah te in arak i thatmi S.Korea President hlun Roh Moo Hyun he rian an rak `uan ti. Moon hi nuhrin covo kong ah arak cawlcang ngaimi pakhat asi leng ah 2012 Democratic United Party nih S.Korea President ca ah an rak chuahpi nain Park Guen-Hye nih 2.6% in arak tei ca ah S.Korea President arak `ling lo. Hi lio ah Park Guen-Hye nih vote 51.6% arak hmu i, a nih hi 48.0% arak hmu ve. Cu dih cun Democratic Party of Korea in 2016 January 27 ah aa din. Tutan cu Minjoo party in President aa zuam lai. Amah hi S.Korea President ca ah an zumh ngaimi pakhat asi fawn.

Hong Jun-pyo ( Liberty Korea Party)         
1954 December 5 ( kum 62) ah Changnyeong, S.Korea arak chuak . Korea University ah Public Administration arak kai balmi pa arak si. Amah hi anmah Party chung thimnak ah adang pawl foi tuk in (62.9%) ateitu asi leng ah a ruahnak hi conservative ngaimi pakhat asi. Amah hi mi ral`ha asi. Kum 2011 ah khan Seoul khua bawi (mayor) cu ramdang phaisa kuat kong ah arak soisel. Naite i President hlun Park kong zong ah fak ngai in a cawlmi asi. LGBT (Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender ) a pom bak lomi asi. Anih hi upa deuh uar phun ngai cu asi.

Ahn Cheol-soo ( People’s Party)
1962 February 26 (kum 55) ah Miryang, Tlanglei Gyeongsang Provine ah arak chuakmi asi. Amah hi tutan S.Korea President aa zuammi lak ahcun fim thiamnak sang a ngeimi asi. Korea i asangbik Sianghleirun Seoul National University le US ummi Unversity of Pennsylvania chuak asi. Professor, Physician le Software entrepreneur zong asi chih.  Kum 2011 lio Seoul khua bawi ( mayor) rak thim lio arak i cuhnak in ramkhel rian lei ah a petmi pa asi. 2012 President thiamnak ah arak active ngaingai leng ah 2013 by elction ah a rak cuh i National Assembly ah hmunhma a hmu vemi asi. Atu cu 2017 President thimnak ah People’s Party nih 72.72% in an chuahpi. Ahn hi atulio an buai ngaimi THAAD a duh lo ngaimi asi. Amah hi President ahun si ahcun America he pehtlaihnak hi zei maw zat cu a rawk lai tiah an ruah. Mino nih cun a thiamnak le aruahnak hi an uar ngai.

Yon Seong-Min  ( Bareun Party)
1958 January 7 (kum 59) ah Daegu Dong B ah arak chuak. Chawlet-chawhrawl le ramkhel rian lei ah thiamnak a ngeimi asi leng ah Seoul National University le University of Wisconsinmadison in a chuakmi asi. University of Wisconsin-Madison in Ph.D (Economics) arak hmumi  asi leng ah Korea Development Institue timi ah 1987 in 2000 ah rian arak `uanmi asi. 2004 thok in National Assembly member arak si bal fawn. Park Geun-hye chan ah bochan atlak ngaimi arak si leng ah Lee Myung-bak zong nih arak uar ngaimi asi. Deagu in voithum MP ca ah an rak thim cang, i tuan deuh ahcun Park Guen-Hye te party arak si ko nain Park rian`uan ning arak pom khawh lo ca ah Bareun Party an rak dirh i, tutan cu mah party in President hi aa cuh lai ti, asi. A campaign ah achim bikmi cu ram kilvennak le ram chawlet chawhrawl kong hi asi bik. Anih i a khuaruahning hi cheuning cun a conservative ngai tiah an ti.

Sim Sang-jung ( Justice Party)
1959, February 20 (58) ah Paju ah arak chuakmi asi. Tutan hi voi 5nak President aa cuhmi asi lai. Atu lio National Assembly chungtel asi fawn. Seoul National University in BA arak hmumi asi. Kum 21 arak si lo cassettle tape sehzung in arak chuakmi buaihnak kong i arak chuak chinmi nihlawh kong ah arak cawlcangh ca ah 1985 hrawng ah cozah nih tlaih an rak duh ngaimi nu pakhat asi. National Assembly ah voithum tiang member arak si khomi asi ca ah korea ramkhel kalning cu a khuk thal a let khotu asi lai tiah, an zumh.S.Korea tuanbia ah an rak hmanmi thanchonak theory chaebols reform aduh tu asi. Amah cu President candicates vialte lakah LGBT a pommi asi. THAAD nih that lonak a kan pe lai lo tiah a ruattu zong asi fawn. Amah cu an party nih 80.7% in an chuakpi asi ve.


 



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