I. Mao Zedong cu A Hodah A si?
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China ram Communist ram ah a rak sertu le China ram kum sau taktak a rak
hruaitu Mao Zedong |
Kum 1893, December thla ah Yunan
peng ah arak chuak. Kum 10 hrawng a si ah an khua a chuah tak i, an peng i
khuapi a simi Changsha ah a um. A fawinak in anih hi chanthar dan a uarmi a si
caah a kainak sianginn ah "new learning" hi a si khawh tawk in a rak
chim phuan. Cataang a ngeimi a si lo. Carel a huam i, catial a thiammi sawhsawh
si. A cabia pawl an rak har ngaingai caah mizapi nih an rak uar ngaimi pakhat a
si. Cun, Beijing University caruk ah assistant a rak ṭuan. Hikaa i, rian a rak ṭuannak ahhin Marxist ruahnak hi khuaruah har
ruahnak a si ti a hun thei hramthawk. Mah hi Marxist though hi a ṭha bak tiah a ruah i aa ṭhanpi. Cun, a nih Confuncion
ruahnak a huami arak si. Marxist le Lenisism khuaruahnak nih hin Communist a
dirh khawhnak ah tampi a bawmh ti khawh a si. Cazual chuahmi rian zong a rak ṭuan pah tawn. Chanthar ruahnak
thar a pom i, siangpahrang uknak a huami hna he Siangngakchia buu an dirh.
France ram ah a hawile tampi sianginn kai an rak kal, a cheu cu Marxist
khuaruahnak kha an va cawng. Cu ti an kal dih ngawt caah siangngakchia buu an
dirhmi cu an hram kho ti lo. Mao Zedong nih Lothlo buu a ser. A tawinak in Mao
Zedong nih Communist kha ngan taktak in a ser khawhnak cu:
- Siangngakchia buu rian a ṭuan
lio ah mino tampi lung arak lak hna.
- Lothlo le mi harsa hoih in (milu i 1%) in Lothlo phu a
sermi ruang ah a si.
1927 hramthawk lei i, Lothlo le
Leithuang pawl nih Chaing Kai Shek cozah cung ah an duh lonak an rak langhtermi
ah Hunanese ralkap nih thi le hnai he an rak fim ṭawlnak
kong kha fakpi in cazual ah Mao Zedong nih atanglei bantuk in a rak ṭial . Chikkhat te ah lothlo le
leithuang hna cu thlitu bantuk in an hrang te lai i, khuachia pawl kha thlaan
khawr ah an kuat te hna lai. Dothlenak a tuahmi kip nih hneksaknak fakpi in an
ton. Hlawtnak zong faktu in an ton fawn. Dohthlennak a tuahmi nih tlaihtleng
pathum an ngei:
- Hmailei ah ralṭha tein fon.
- Hmuhmi le tonmi kha mithar sin
chim chin.
- Duh lonak kha chim i, nunpi.
China mizapi nih zalong tein thimnak nawl kan ngei nain atu
cu duh thimnak kha a hrawh in tuah uh tiah hnek kan si," tiah Mao nih arak
ṭial. Hihi a cabia nih
Mao kha amin a thanter leng ah cozah a uar lomi pawl nih an uar chin. Mao cu
1949 in cu China ram hruaitu luban ah a cang i, athih lai 1974 tiang a ṭuan beh. Mao nih dothlennak ah a rak chimmi le a rak i tlaihmi cu;
"Dohthlenak ti mi cu conglomhnak zaanriah ei puai a si lo.
Capar parkhat zong a si hlei lo. Duhsah tein le remdai tein lak
khawhmi phun zong a si lo. Dohthlennak ti mi cu mibuu
buukhat kha adang mibuu pakhat nih hrawh dih le riam dih
kha a si" tiah Mao Zedong nih arak cawnpiaknak."
II. Mao Zedong Ziaza
Mao Zedong nih carel a huam i, mi lungla lak in ca ṭial a thiammi a rak si. Cun,
ramkhel kong ah party chung siseh aleng lei in siseh mi tampi influence khomi a
rak si. Sihmansehlaw, thil a tuahmi cheukhat hi ahnu le a hmai aa pialkaanmi
arak tam ngaingai. Cu lawng si lo in, rianrang in lungthlen a rak hmang. Biana
ah, nunzia dawh kong a au pi nan amah kha nu tampi he aa ciah. Party luh
khawhnak ca ah phaisa kha fawi le siang in mi a pechan tu pakhat zong arak si
fawn. Hi bantuk sining ruang ah Mao kong hi bia alnak tampi an party chung ah
arak um. A nunning le a thiamnak ngeihning te pawl nih hmailei China ram ca ah
zei bantuk a chuahpi hnga ti kha anmah party chung members tampi nih an tuaktan
i, an rak i al len tawn.
Mao Zedong nih a rak zumhmi cu thil pakhatkhat pekchannak
nih mizapi duhnak le upatnak hi a chuahter ti hi a rak zumh. Amah le amah hi
China tuanbia a hngalmi le hmailei a hngalmi tiah aa ti. A nunnak ah pekchannak
tampi le buaibainak tampi arak tong. Biana ah, Ton pumhnak zei ah a rel lo.
China phungphai in ṭha
tein a ṭhitmi a nupi cu a
mak. Cu dih cun, Yang Kaihui ti mi he zalong tein a ṭuai i, a ṭhit.
Amah cu a nupi pahnihnak a si nain Guamintang nih 1920 kum dongh lei ah a lu an
tan. A nupi pathumnak hi Long March lio ah a rak dam lo ca ah Mao Zedong nih a
mak i, Jiang Qing ti mi Shanghai fitlaw Japan a do vemi nu a rak ṭhit. Mao Zedong a u, Mao Zemin
hi Nitlak China lei ah 1940 ah ramkhel he pehtlai in rian a ṭuan lio ah an rak thah. A fapa
zong hi American ralkap nih Korean ral lio ah an rak thah fawn. A cheukhat
chimnak ah Mao Zedong nih hin fanu pahnih arak ngei nain arak kal tak hna ti, a
si. Mao Zedong i ramkhel rian a ṭuannak
kan zoh tikah pekchannak tampi arak ngei; a chungkhat nunnak le hawi le kom
tampi thi in a rak i pekchan hi hmuh khawh a si. Ahawile ca a kuat tik hna ah
siseh biazai a ṭial tikah
siseh a telh tawnmi ah; Politicians le specialists a si nain zei hmanh a pe
chan lomi cu zei hmanh a rel lo i, a nam neh hnanak kong hi a si.
Mao nih arak
zumhmi cu China siangpahrang pawl ruang ah China ram hi chuk le cho ah aa thui
ti, hi a si. Anih hi Marxism le Leninism tha tein arak relmi a si caah bia hi ṭha tein a chim ngamnak arak
si. Ramchung i a ummi buainak a ti mi Confucianism ruanhning hi si dawh in a
lang. Zeica tiah, Confucian ruahnak ruang ah mizapi cu anmah le an destiny kha
an zumh i, an cawlcang huam ti lo a ti. Hi bantuk ruang ah China ram hi a
thazaang a der tiah a zumh. Mao nih amah tlaihtleng tein revolutionary note ti
mi a sen te hi aa tial ve. Cultural Revolution a chuahnak kha amah ruang ah a
rak si, ti a si. Cultural Revolution lio ah Mao nih a minung pawl kha Upa doh a
rak fial hna. Asinain, a cozah uktu zoh tikah Cofucian ruahnak hi ramkhel
ruahnak le zatlang nunnak ca ah abiapi zia kha a tel ṭhiam. Mao nih tlaihtleng a ngeih mi cu
"Ahlun hlaw law, athar ser" ti hi a si. 1960 a phak tikah Mao cu lung
puam in a um i, midang nawl ngeih kha a duh ti lo. Adang cu chim lo, a damnak
hnga ruahnak a petu doctor bia hmanh ngaih arak duh ti lo. Amah bia in bia
thluk a si. Ramkhel kong cawlcanghnak zong kha a kham dih. Mao hi bantuk a
canter tu cu a tanglei bantuk in a si tiah an ruah.
III. Mizapi le
khuaruhning Kong ah Arak Kalpining
"Idea a ṭhat
ahcun a result a ṭha"
ti hi Mao nih a rak pom. Mah ruang ah idealogy hi hmaitlak in mizapi sinah a
chim phuan tawn. Idea a ṭhat
lawng ah China kan ṭhang
lai ti kha a ruah. Mizapi nih amah an duhnak a zor duahmah tikah a khuaruahnak
(ideology) kha meithal bantuk in a hman. A Ideology in a ral kha a kah hna. Mao
hi a ruam a kai ngai. China ram i aharnak le teinak a hmuhnak ding cu keimah
lawng ka hngal tiah arak ruah. A riantuan hawi hna nih 1950 hrawng ahcun thil
dik hi an chim ngam ti lo. An ram buaibainak i thil dik a hal tik hna ah adik
ning in an chim ahcun a thongh hna, a velh hna tikah a kut tang hna nih an ṭih ngaingai caah thil dik an
chim ngam lo. 1949 in a rak domh chomi thiamhlei thluak ṭha pawl an rian ṭuannak
nih thi tam lak te a chuahter. Beijing hrawnghrang ahcun Mao nih a ideology kong
a ṭialmi "red
book" kha relding phawt cio a rak si. 1960 hrawng ahcun rampi nih mah red
book hi rel hrimhrim siseh tiah Mao nih nawl a rak chuah.
Mao nih mipa pakhat nih vawleicung milu tampi umnak ram hi
hruai khawh si lai lo tiah a theih caah hi bantuk in a cauk a rel ter hna hi a
si. A cauk in zulhphung nih amah kha power a ngeih ter lai leng ah ram zong a
hruai khawh rih lai tiah a rak zumh. Political system kha fektein a reh leng ah
minung cawlcanghnak kongkau policy zong kha a cauk ahcun fiang in a um. A ruah
bik mi cu Ideology ti mi cu atanglei mizapi nih cunglei nawl an zulh khawhnak
hnga a biapibik rian a ṭuantu
a si, a ti.
IV. Long march
a chuahnak cu Guamintang nih Communist pawl thah a timh hna
caah a si. Longmarch a sullam cu Red army ti mi Communist ralkap buu nih an
umnak Jiangxi peng in Shaanxi tiang an ke in an kalnak kha a si. Ralkap buu
nganpi red army cu ni 370 chung ah meng 5600 leng an rak kal. Tlang sang pipi
tlang 18 an rak tan. Warlord pawl he pengtlang ral, voi 12 an tu pah. Khuapi
ngan pa 12 an tan. Hi long march hi Mao Zedong nih a hruaimi Shaanxi kalmi
lawng an rak si lo. Jiangxi cu a him ti lo tiah an theih cang caah a cheukhat
cu Mao zul lo in adang ah a kalmi zong an rak um ve. Longmarch rak kalning cu
atanglei (map) bantuk in a si.
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| Long March Map, ni caan saupi Communist ralkap pawl an rak i thialnak |
V. Japan dohnak le Communist nih China ah Teinak Hmuhnak
China ram lak le cheu hi Japan nih
a duhnak a sau cang. Korea ram tlanglei (Atu south Korea) cu ralkap thazaang
hmang lo in 1910 ah arak lak. Ralpi pahnihnak Germany in a thawk tikah Japan cu
a tho colh ve. A kut a samh. A pennak nganter aa tim. Hi lio caan China ram cu
a rak buai tuk lio a si. Japan nih alaknak a um, Mirang nih an laknak a rak um.
Guamintang le Communist karlak buainak zong arak um fawn rih. Zhang Xueliang
nih Guamintang hruaitu Chaing Kai Shek a tlaih. Cu thawng cu Yunan in Communist
an bawibik chang nih a theih cangkaa a rak rat hnawh i, biaruahnak an ngei.
Japan kan doh ṭi lai an
ti. Hikaa zawn ah thil pakhat a ummi cu Chaing Kai Shek hi tlaihmi a si nain
cozah hruaitu a rak si caah a thazaang kha Communist nih an rak herh.
"aw" a ti lo cun thahding phun khi a rak si caah "aw" tiah
a tinak hi a si men lai tiah expert tampi nih an ruah.
Cu ti cun Japan cu an do ṭi. Sihmansehlaw, an tei nemmam
lo. Japan nih a lak duahmah hna. Van ṭhat
ah, Japan nih US raltuknak thilri chiahnak Peal Harbor bomh an thlaknak in in
US lehrulhnak ruang ah Japan cu vawleicung ralpi in ka sung tiah a ti. Hihi
Japan nih ka sung tiah a ti bak ahhin Chaing Kai Shek nih a ruahmi ramdang ka
hawile bomhnak in Communist hi ka thio rih lai ti a si. Sihmansehlaw,
vawleicung ralpi pahnihnak a dih lai ahhin Communist hi an rak ṭhawng tuk ve cang. Cucaah,
ramchung ral voi 2nak cu a chuak ṭhan.
Sihmansehlaw, Guamintang nih a tei khawh ti lo caah Communist tu nih China ram
cu a lak duahmah. A hnu ah Guamintang cu Taiwan tiang an rak dawi. Communist
nih Guamintang kut in arak lak lomi cu Taiwan lawng hi a si. Cu tin cun, Mao
Zedong nih People's Republic of China cu October 1, 1949 ah ralkap 600,000 he a
rak dir i, Nihin tiang China ram cu Communist lam zulh in an rak i hruai lan.
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Cahram: Chan Bik Ceu. 2021. “Chinram Ca ah Ramkhel Hlei: Ramkhel,
Zaukphung, Tuanbia” p. 145 -154
