Study Note: East Asia Nunphung Cawnpiaktu Chinese Hrinsor Hna Sayaci Confucius

Jesuh Khrih a chuah hlan kum 500 hlan deuh te ah China ram ah Confucius timi pa arak chuak. A chuahni taktak hi an fiang lo nain, mi tam deuh nih cun BC 551 September 28 ah a chuak an ti. Cu pa cawnpiaknak cu Eat Asia ram China, Japan, Taiwan le Korea hna ahcun pathian tluk deng in an upat, a cheukhat ram nih cun a cawnpiaknak kha an i nunpi. A cheukhat ram ahcun state ideology tiang in an rak hman. Nihin tiang in vawleicung nih a cawnpiaknak an zulhmi pafim pakhat a si ti khawh a si. Cu pa kong cu tlawmpal i ruah hna usih.

Tuluk ram i Confucius milem

I. Tuanbia Tawi

Amin ah Confucius timi pa cu Tuluk nichuah lei kap i a ummi Shandong pengkulh ah BC 551 ah arak chuak. Kum 3 a si ah ram ukbawi a simi a pa nih arak thih tak hna ca ah a nu nih a rak hmei pi hna. Ca a rak thiam ngaingai ca ah nupi a ṭhit hlan (Kum 19 ah nupi a ngei i, kum 20 ah fa a ngei) cu cozah zung hme tete ti bantuk ah ca uk lei he pehtlaihmi rian a rak ṭuan. Kum 20 a tlin hlan ah hi lio Tuluk ram cawnnak ah a min arak thangmi “six arts ( ritual, music, archery, charioteering, calligraphy le arithmetic) arak awng cang. Sihmansehlaw, Confucius i a saya taktak hi hodah a si tiah an kawl tikah an hmu kho lo. Cheukhat nih an chimnak ahcun a saya hi minung pumpak si lo in cawnpiaktu ṭha le cawn awk ṭha hi a si tiah an ruah. Confucius tihi “Master Kong” tinak a si, an ti. Confucius i a phun min hi “Kong” a si i, a min tak cu “Qiu” a rak si ca ah “Kongqui” ti a si. Kongqui cu Mandarin aw cawi in rel tikah Confucius tiah a chuak, an ti. A sullam cu “Ca thiam le upatmi” siloah “Kong mifim pa” tinak arak si.

Kum 22 a si ah sianginn pakhat arak dirh i, zatlang nun cawnpiaknak le cozah uknak kalning cawnpiaknak ti bantuk arak chimh hna. Kum 34 fai a si ah an ram ah ramchung buainak a um i, an hruaitu pa an dawi. Cucaah, Confucius cu khual a tlawnnak in an khua lei kir ti lo in a tapeh pawl he an rol ve. Cu an rolnak hmun ahcun ca lei cawnnak a tuah i, kum 15 tluk a rauh hnu ah an ram lei ah a kir ṭhan ti a si. Confucius cu kum 50 a si ah ramkhel ah a rak lut i, kum 52 ah an peng ah taya-tugyi arak ṭuan. Cu dih cun, Assistant minister arak ṭuan. Caan ahung rauh deuh tikah Lu pengkulh ah Minister of Justice tiang arak phan lawng si lo in siangpahrang Lu i, ramdang he pehtlaihnak lei chief minister tiang arak ṭuan bal, an ti. Rian a ṭuan caan ah dinfelnak le ṭluk ruannak a rak ṭanhpimi asi ruang ah mi tampi nih uarmi ah a hung cang[i]. Cucaah, amah a uar lomi, bawiphun le a pawngkam minung hna nih Confucius nih a kan tei sual lai ti kha thinphang in an rak um. Cucaah, music lei lemcang thiam ngaknu muidawh ṭhaṭha in Confucius cu an leirawi, ti a si. Cucaah, Confucius cu an ram in an ṭhawl. Kum 13 chung Tuluk ram hmundang ah khual a tlawng nain ho hmanh nih an ram ah umding ngaingai in an rak cohlang duh lo.

Kum 13 arauh hnu ah an ram ah a kir ṭhan. Hi ti a kir khawh ṭhannak hi an peng Lu pengkulh a uktu Duke Ai le Ji chungkhar hna he pehtlainak in a si men lai tiah an zumh. A kir tik bal te ah ramkhel ah lut ti lo in music le ca lei tu ah a lu aa hung i hlin. Cauk, catluan, biazai le hla ti bantuk tampi arak ṭial. Kum 73 a si ah a thi. Confucius nih sianngakchia (tapeh) 3,000 fai arak ngeih hna, an ti. Hi hna pawl hi mfim le cathiam an si ca ah nihin tiang ah Confucius cawnpiaknak hi vawleicung ah a tan rihnak hi a si tiah an ruah. Confucius cawnpiaknak lak ah amin a thangmi pakhat cu “Midang nih ka cung ah tuah hna hlah seh ti na duhmi kha an cung zong ah zeitik hmanh va tuah hlah” ti hi a si. Confucius a thih hnu kum tampi hnu ah Han Dynasty uknak Tuluk ram ah a hung chuak. Han Dynasty i, Siangpahrang Gaozo chan ah Confucius hringsor hna cu an rak cawihler hna. Rank sang rian an pek hna[ii].

II. A Thih Hnu

Confucius hi East Asia lawng si lo in Tuluk nunphung nih a hip ngaimi Singapore le Vietnam ram tiang in a lar. A bik in Confucius nunzia siloah kalpi mi Confuciusnism cu zatlang nun ah cawnpiaktu nunzia ṭha ah a hmangmi hi milu hi 1.5 billion tluk an si ti, a si[iii]. Hlan lio Tuluk ram hna ahcun siangpahrang camipuai rak timi cu Tuluk siangpahrang nih kum 3 ah voikhat a tuahmi, rammi nih cozah rian ṭuannak ah a sangbikmi camipuai an timi ca ah Confucius ṭialmi cauk uk li le cathluan thluan 5 pawl hi textbook can ah an rak hman hna. Hi textbook ahhin Tuluk ram i zulhphung le ram hruaining, zatlang nunning pawl kha fel fai te in aa ṭial an ti. Confucius a thih hnu kum za lonh BC 221 ah Tuluk ram ah Chin Dynasty (BC 221 – BC 206) timi siangpahrang uknak thar a rak chuak. Chin Dynasty i, Shih Haung Ti siangpahrang te nih cun Confucius cawnpiaknak cu cawnpiaknak ṭha lo a si an rak ti ca ah an rak hnon. A cauk hna mei in an rak duah lawng si lo in hman lo ding tiang in an rak khamh. Cu uknak a dih hnu ah Han Dynasty (BC 206 – BC 196) a hung chuak. Han Dynasty chan ahcun Confucius cawnpiaknak cu an cawisan ṭhan i official ideology tiang ah an hman.

Confucius khuaruahnak Confucianism cawnpiaknak idea cheukhat cu Chinese mifim Mencius le Xunzi nih tampi an ṭhanchoter chap ti, a si. A bik in  Confucius sianginn ah Confucianism cu Buddhism le Taoism he an cawn chih. Song dynasty (960–1279) ah Buddhism, Taoism le Confucianism idea pathum fonh in “Neo- Confucianism” a chuak ti, a si [iv]. Chanthar Tuluk ram sertu Communist party dirhtu Mao Zedong zong kha Confucius cawnpiaknak a rak uar lo ngaimi arak si ve. Cu ti a langhnak cu Tuluk ram i arak cangmi culture revolution (1966- 1976) i “a hlun hlaw law a thar in ser cawnpiaknak” in a lang an ti. Sihmansehlaw, Confucius cu Tuluk ram ahcun hruaitu tam deuh nih uar ngaimi le mipi le mifim nih nunpi mi nunzia ah a can ca ah nihin tiang Tuluk ram lawng ah silo in vawleicung tiang in a larnak pakhat a hun si[v].

III. Confucianism Timi cu Zeidah Asi Kun?

Confucius khuaruahnak siloah Confucius fimnak kha Confucianism tiah an ti. Confucius a thih hnu ah Confucianism hi mifim thar pawl (Confucius a simi an ti hna) nih an thar chuah lengmang ve tawn. Confucianism cawnpiaknak cu zoh tikah a tlangpi in minung nunning cawnpiaknak a si. Cucu a tanglei bantuk in ṭhen (5) in hmuh khawh a si;

·         Li: phung le lam zulh, ziaza ṭha le mipi hmai um ṭhut dirning cawnpiaknak

·         Hsiao: Chungkhar ah dawtnak lenter; hringtu hna fale nih dawt. Fale hna nih hringtu nih dawt.

·         Yi: Righteousness (Dinnak)

·         Xin: Honesty and trustworthiness

·         Jen: Mi ca i a ṭha mi thil tuah, midang cung zawnruahnak ngeih, dawtnak ngeih tbk

·         Chung: Ram le ram uktu cung ah zumhtlak sinak

Confucinisam cawnpiak chung in cheukhat a biapimi kan char ahcun;

• Confucianism timi cu minung khuasakning, hmuh lai dingmi le zeidah kan tuah duhmi (Interest) ti kong pehtlai in a ruatmi khauruahnak ideoloy a si. Tc, Confucianism khuaruahnak ahcun minung cu a mah lawng in a um kho lo ca ah hawi he nun ahau. Minung i pumpak kawltung cu nun nuamhnak hi a si. Cu nun nuamhnak cu daihnak lawng in hmuh khawh a si. Daihnak hmuh khawh awk ah dawtnak le duty (love and duty) cherhchan in minung nih phung pa (5: Li, Hsio, Yi, Xin and Jen) hi zulh aherh.
• Minung cu cawnpiak khawhmi le remh khawhmi an si. Minung i kawltung cu ziaza ṭha le fimnak ngeih a si. Minung nih amah minung dang sinah tuahding duty a ngei. Cucu tha te in a tuah lawng ah an zatlang nun ah tlinnak le nuamhnak a um lai.
•  Ram uktu bawi hna nih anmah le anmah i do lo ding le an rammi pawl thah lenlo ding arak cawnpiak hna. A chimhmi hna cu daihnak le dinnak cu uknak tha lo in hmuh khawh a si lo. Uknak tha cu uktu ṭha lawng in a si kho.
•   Phung zulh le mah le rian cio tuannak nih zatlang nun ah ṭhat hnemnak a chuahter. Hringtu nu le pa cu fale nakin an sang deuh bantuk in pa cu nu nakin a sang deuh tiah a ruatmi zumhnak a si. Arak chimmi cu, Ram uktu nih ram cu uk ko seh, ram hruaitu nih ram cu hruai ko seh. A pa nih a fapa cu hruai ko sehlaw, a fapa nih a fapa bantuk te in um ko seh.

A Bia Roling
Rian ṭuannak kong he pehtlai in;

"Na dir lo paoh ahcun na kalning a nuar le a ran kha a biapi lo"

“Kan i dawhnak cu kan ṭluk lomi hin si lo in kan ṭluk tikah kan thawh ṭhan lengmangmi hi a si”.

“Na lungduhmi rian kha i thim law na chanchung na rian tuan a nuam lai (na ni khua a sau lai lo)”.

Cawnnak kong he pehtlai in;

“Ka theih i ka philh. Ka hmuh i, kaa cinkhen. Ka tuah i, ka hngalh fian”.

“Khoikaa na kal paoh ah lungtak te in kal”.

Nun can ziaza kong he pehtlai in

“Zei zong vialte hi dawhnak an ngei dih. Nain, cucu hmuhpiak dih an si lo”.

“Phulam naa thawk hlan ah, thlan khor pahnih in co ta”.

“Midang nih ka cung ah tuah hlah seh ti na duhmi kha an cung ah va tuah ve hlah”.

“Pumpak zia a ṭhat lawng ah chungkhar a nuam; Chungkhar a nuam lawng ah ram cu a nuam i uk khawh a si”.

IV. Biadonghnak

Confucius timi pa cawnpiaknak hi Asia ram chung ah mak ngai in a rak lar hmasa nain ahnu ah vawlei pumpi tiang in cawnpiaktu ṭha tiah an cohlangmi a si. Abik in East Asia ram hoi hna ahcun biaknak tluk in an rak zum. An rak i nunpi. Tuluk, Japan, Taiwan le Korea hoi hna ahcun an zatlang nun ah Confucianism kha a ṭhawn tuk ca ah bawi le bawi lo, rank niam le rank sang, hringtu le hringmi kar ah upatnak le i thlaunak kha a um. Cu ruang ah chungkhar ahcun hringtu bia kha fale nih rak ngeih ngaingai a si. China tuanbia zoh tik zong ah state ideology tiang in rak hman a si. Nawl ngeihnak kha biapi ngai in a cawnpiak hna bantuk in hruaitu hna nih phung ning te in hruaimi kha hruai lawng ah remhnak daihnak a ummi zatlang siloah ram nuam a chuak lai ti bantuk te hna a cawnpiak hna. Chan tampi ah thar chuah lengmang a si nain, nihin tiang ah hring didel in a nungmi cerhti kam thingkung bantuk a si rihnak a ruang cu “dinfelnak, dawtnak” ti bantuk aa hmaithlak ca ah asi kho men tiah a ruatmi zong an um. Western lei idea deuh a simi democracy timi pumpak covo ah i khah dihnak “hringtu le hrinmi i khahnak” ti bantuk he hin tlawmpal cu aa kalh. 

Cu ruang ah Confucianism a ṭhawnnak ram ahcun democracy tahfung lak i pakhat a simi “political culture” ahhin an mark a tlawm theo tawn. Sihmansehlaw, zatlang nun ah senior le junior, hringtu le hrinmi, bawi le bawi lo, saya le tapeh ti bantuk karh ah upatnak sangpi a chiahmi ruahnak siloah cawnpiaknak a si tikah cawnpiakmi (lesson) ti bantuk kha hlawhtlinnak an hmuh a foi deuh tiah a ruatmi an um ve. Cucaah, ram cheukhat ahcun ram sersiamnak ah hi ideology cu an hman tawn (Tc, Korea ahcun Confucianism cu a chiatnak an rak chim ngam lo. Confucianism ruang ah kan ṭhangcho ti, a rak si). Confucianism a ṭhawnnak ram ahcun mah nakin upa deuh he ton tikah 45 degree lu khun in chawnh a si tawn. Nihin tiang ah hi pa cawnpiaknak cu nunphung pakhat bantuk in vawleicung nih kan ngeihmi pakhat ah aa chuah. Cucaah, vawleicung tuanbia, politics le zatlang nunzia cawn tikah amah kong cu hngalh aherh ngaingaimi pakhat a hung si.  

                            ____ A dih cang_____

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[i] Amy McKenna. “The 100 Most Influential World Leaders of All Time”. P 22 -26
[ii] “ကွန်ဖြူးရှင်း အတ္ထုပ္ပတိနှင့် အတွေးအခေါ် ပံ့ပို့မူများနှင့် စာသားများ” https://my.warbletoncouncil.org/confucio-13093
[iii]ကွန်ဖြူးရှပ်ဝါဒ. https://www.wikiwand.com/my/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%92
[iv] National Geographic, Confucianism. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/confucianism/
 
[v] ကွန်ဖြူးရှပ်
https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA

(vi) Cheuk Woon Taam. On Studies of Confucius. University of Hawai'í Press