Karen Miphun Dothlennak: Ṭhen le Fonh ṭhannak in A khatmi Hriamtlainak

I. Karen Dothlennak Phu Hna

Karen National Union (KNU) cu 1947 February 5 ah Saw Ba U Gyi hruainak in Karen miphun hna nih an rak ser. 1949 January thla ah Myanmar ram pumpaluk in an rak lakdeng ti, a si. KNU tang ah Karen National Unted Party (KNUP) kha political party ca ah an rak hman i, army ca ah Kawthoolei Armed Forces (KAF) an rak ser. KAF cu ahnu ah Karen People’s Liberation Army (KPLA) tiah 1956 ah an thlen. Nichuahlei Karen ram ah Gen Bo Mya te nih Karen National United Front (KNUF) in phu thar an dirh. Mahn Za Ban cu chairman a si i, Bo Mya cu vice chairman arak si. KNUF i an ralkap buu cu Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA) ti, a si. 1975 ah aa thencheu KNU hrinsor vialte cu pakhat ah um thanding hnatlaknak a um i, Mahn Za Ban cu 1975 -75 tiang KNU chairman arak si. Cu dih cun, Bo Mya nih chairman a ṭuan. Bo Mya chan 1994 ah KNU chungah Khrihfa le Buddhist kar lung rual lonak a chuak i, Buddhist nih buu thar an dirh. Democratic Karen Buddhist Organization, an ti.

Karen National Defense Organization (KNDO) cu 1947 July 16 ah Mahn Bazan nih hruaimi KNU ralkap private militia in a rak i thawk. 1948 August 30 lio ah Thadon, Moulmei ti bantuk tiang in a rak lak khotu an si. Nihin ahcun KNU khuate i, militia force pakhat dirhmun in an um cang.

Democratic Karen Buddhist Organization/ Army (DKBO/DKBA) cu KNU chungah Khrihfa le Buddhist karlak i hmuh thiam lo ruang ah buddhist a biapi hna nih 1994 ah an ser. DKBA chung in 2010 August 21 ah Myanmar Army kut tang buu a simi Boarder Guar Force (BGF) ah mi tam deuh an lut. Nain, DKBA 5^th Brigade Commander Col. Lah Pwe cu BGF ah luh arak duh lo ca ah DKBO min in a hung cawlcaang. DKBO/DKBA buu thar an chuah hnu i, atangmi KNU zong ahcun ruahnak i dannak tete a um ṭhan ca ah 2007 January 30 ahcun buu thar a sem ṭhan. Cu hlan deuh 1997 ah KNLA ralkap rank sang a simi Col Thumu Hei (Bridage 6^th ) cu Myanmar ralkap cozah State Peace and  Development Council he rem daihnak min an thut ve[i].

KNU/KNLA (Peace Council) cu KNLA brigade 7^th in 2007 ah a chuakmi buu an si. Gen Bo Mya nih KNU ah a rak hruai lio ah Kawl ralkap cozah he remh daihnak biaruahding timh tuahnak an rak ngei. Kawl ralkap cu Khin Ngut nih arak hruai hna nain, ahnu ah Khin Ngut cu an tlaih. Bo Mya zong cu kumkhua lei upat ruang le KNU ah amah a duhtu an hung zor ca ah remh daihnak cu a thar chuah kho ti lo. Hi lio caan ahhin KNU chung ah remh daihnak a zummi le a zum lomi tin phu hnih in an rak um. Cucaah, Bo Mya lei kap ṭang KNLA brigade 7^th in  Gen. Htay Maung nih KNU/KNLA (PC) cu 2007 ah a dirpi hna. Buu thar an dirh bak in KNU nih an phuah ve hna, ti a si. Nihin tiang Myanmar Army he remh daihnak serding aa zuam cuahmahmi buu an si[ii].

Boarder Guard Forces (BGF) timi cu 2008 phunghram ningin Myanmar Army kut tang a um, an si. Myanmar Army he hnatlaknak an ngeihnak hmunhma ah hriamtlai khawhnak nawl a ngeimi buu an si. Phundang in M.A ralkap phunkhat an si. DKBA tang ahhin battalion 14 (reserve battalion 2 he fonh) a um i, battalion pakhat hi minung 400 in ser a si ca ah 2010 hlan DKBA ralkap thazaang cu 4,000 leng cu a si hrim lai, an ti. BGF i can kong he pehtlai in 2010 ah DKBA chung ah lung i hmuh lonak arak um. Cucaah, DKBA ralkap mi tam deuh cu M.A kut toi ralkap BGF ah i thial hmanh hna sehlaw, DKBA brigades 5 in commander Col. Lah Pwe cu le a ralkap pawl nih cun an rak duh lo.

Kawthoolei Army (KTLA): 2021 ralkap uknak lak hnu ah KTLA cu sualnak ngei lo construction worker minung 25 a thah tiah KNU nih an timi KNLA ralbawi hlun Gen. Ner Dah Myah nih a dirhmi a si. Gen. Ner Dah Myah cu KNU nih an bar hnu ah KTLA cu a dirh i, Min Aung Hlaing ralkap fakpi in a doh. Amah cu KNU chariman hlun  Bo Myah i a fapa pahnihnak a si. Minung 25 thah kong he pehtlai in cun, a cheu nih Myanmar Army spies a si an ti, a cheu nih construction worker an si, an ti ve . Khatte lei ah, KNU chung ah ruahnak i dan ciami NCA remh daihnak lam zumh le zumh lo zong a rak um cia ve. Cu bantuk ruahnak i dannak a fak tuk tikah ahnu ahcun KTLA tiang an rak dirnak hi a si. KTLA cu Karen mino le ramdang phanmi Karen miphun hna nih an uar ngaimi a hung si. Nihin tiang ahcun KTLA le KNU cu ral bantuk in an um. An i kap i, thih lohnak zong a um ti, a si[iii].

 

II. Hruainak, Ralkap Thazaang, Hmunhma Entainak

KNU nih doctrine bantuk in an i nunpimi phung pali a um. Cucu an hruaitu hmasabik Saw Ba U Gyi nih a sermi a si ca ah Saw Ba U Gyi four principles ti zong in an kawh. Cucu:

1.      1. For us surrender is out of the question

2.      2. The recognition of Karen State mush bu complete

3.     3.  We shall retain our arms

4.      4. We shall decide our own political destiny, ti in a si.

KNU chairman cu kum (4) ah voikhat tuahmi KNU general meeting ah thim a si. Nihin hruaitu cu 2016 lio ah an rak thimmi hna an si. 17nak General meeting tuahding an sic ang nain Covid 19 le rallokap uknak lak ruang ah an tuah kho rih lo ca ah chairman thlennak a um rih lo. KNU kutang a ummi ram hmun hi Karen holh in “Kawthoolei” an ti i, district pa 7 a um. District hruaitu 7 cu term khat kum 2 in thim a si. District pakhat cu township pathum in an ser hna; township pahnih in sermi district zong an um ve. Township cu village tract nih a kulh. Uknak cozah department pa 14 an ngei hna. Ralkap structure ahcun  KNLA tang ahhin Brigade -7 an um. Cu  hna cu;  B 1 သထုံခရိုင်, B 2 တောင်ငူခရိုင်, B 3 ညောင်လေးပင်ခရိုင်၊ B- 4ထားဝယ်ခရိုင်၊  B-5 ဖါပွန်ခရိုင်၊ B-6 ဒူပလာယာခရိုင်၊ B 7 ဘားအံခရိုင်  tin an um hna[iv]. Brigade pakhat tang ahhin KNLA in battalion pahnih le KNDO in battalion 1 tin an um. Brigade pakhat le pakhat karah hriam nam thazaang siseh Mino thazaang siseh an i khat hna lo. A ṭhawntgbik cu B 5 hi an si, ti a si. 2021 February 1 ni uknak lak hlan ahcun KNU cu ralkap 8,000 hrawng a ngei an ti nain, ralkap uknak lak hnu ah 35,000 cu an si men tiah an ruah damh. KNU cu NCA ah min a rak thumi lakah a ṭhawngbik a rak si ca ah NCA minthu hriamtlai buu hna nih sermi PPST ah chairman a rak ṭuan. KNU le Mon hriamtlai phu hna hi ဒူပလာယာခရိုင် aa cuhmi an si ca ah KNU le Mon hriamtlai NMSP kar ah buainak a chuak lengmang, ti a si.

III. 2021 Uknak Lak Hnu Karen Miphun Dothlennak

KNU cu ralkap uknak lak a thaizing ah ralkap uknak a mawhchiat colhtu a si ca ah EAOs lakah ahmasabik ralkap uknak lak a mawhchiattu a si. KNU ralkap KNLA zong nih MAH ralkap duh lonak a langhtertu rammi hna ca ah hriamnam he humhimnak arak lakpiak hna. Ralkap uknak lak kum 2 a tlin tiang zoh tikah KNU control area cu PDF pawl training peknak, Pau dothlengtu hna dornak le NUG upa pawl zohkhenhnak hmunhma a hung si[v]. A cawlcanghnak cheukhat kan zoh ahcun, 2021 March 22 ah KNU chairman General Sawm Mutu Say Poe nih ralhrang cawlcanghning kong fakpi in mawhchiatnak le SAC i remhdaihnak tuahding sawmmi cu a rak let hna. Cu hnu tlawmpal ah, KNU headquarters theihter lo in Myanmar Army Forces ni March 27 ah KNLA nih Hnapun district i ralkap sakhan pakhat cu an lak[vi]. Cu thawk cun ralhrang le KNU kar i dohnak cu a fak chin. Hruaining i khat lo ruang ah KNU brigade pa (7) lakah Brigade (5) nih hin ralhrang hi fakbik in an doh ti a si.

 

KNU chung ah ralkap uknak lakmi lehnak kong he pehtlai in ruahnak phun hnih a um; chairman Padoh Saw Mutu Say Poe nih " hriamtlai dothlennak si lo in ton biaruahnak in remhdaihnak in lehding" a duh lio ah KNU hruaitu dang nih cun hriam in doh ve ding an duh. Tc, Dooplaya district i KNU chairman Saw Shwe Maung te nih cun PDF an cohlan i, ral tukning an chimh hna. Hi ti’n ruahnak i dannak kong he pehtlai in KNU member pakhat nih a chimmi cu, "Congress meeting tuah i a thawngthami Central Committee ser a hau. NCA kong chim rih te pawl hi cu a si kho hrim lo”, a ti. Caan a hung kal deuh tikah KNU cu NUG le NUCC hna he an kut an i tlai ti lawng si lo in Kachin, Karenni le Chin hna he ralkawi “K3C” an ser ti hna[vii]. Atawinak in kan chim ahcun ralkap uknak lak hnu KNU dirhmun cu an buu chung ah ralhrang lehrulhning an i dang hna.  Hi ti an i dannak cu an structure ruang ah a si kho. An lehrulhning i dang hmanh sehlaw ralhrang uknak a duhmi an um lo. Bu thar i thennak a chuah ca ah KNU thazaang bal tam tuk a zor lai a fiang ko. Khatte lei ah,  KNU nih NUG le NUCC ah rank sang an la duh lo nain NUG Prime Minister cu Karen miphun a si. Cu leng ah, PDF le NUG pawl tlun inn an onhmi hna hmuh khawh a si. Cucaah, pakhatnak ah fiangte in hmuh khawhmi cu KNU i a thazaang cu Myanmar ram ca ah a biapimi a si rih ko timi hi a si. Pahnihnak, ahlan bantuk in thennak nih a den than hna ti hmuh khawh a si.

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Cherhchan

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[i] Bertil Lintner. Burma in Revolt: Opium and Insurgency Since 1948.

[ii]Karen News: Kawthoolei Army: How a broken system and a disrespect for the rules of law in the KNU gave birth to another armed group in Karen State. Accessed on - https://karennews.org/2022/08/kawthoolei-army-how-a-broken-system-and-a-disrespect-for-the-rules-of-law-in-the-knu-gave-birth-to-another-armed-group-in-karen-state/

[iii] Lian Hmung Sakhong and Paul Keenan, Ending Ethnic Armed Conflict in Burma. Published bu BCES (now CDES)

[iv] Mg Mg Soe. KNU/KNLA ကရင်တိုင်းရင်းသားလက်နက်ကိုင်တပ်ဖွဲ့ .
 Accessed on: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1922382777924632&set=pb.100004587841844.-2207520000.&type=3

[v]Aljazeera. How the Karen became crucial to Myanmar’s anti-coup resistance  Accessed on https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/6/holdmyanmar-how-the-karen-became-crucial-to-the-resistance

[vi]Yee Myo Hein. One Year On: THe Momentum of Myanmar's Armed Rebellion Accessed on: https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/uploads/documents/ASIA_220519_1YearOn-BRIEF_V1r2.pdf

[vii]Mizzima. Myanmar NUG- EROs under pressure and how to preserve it. Accessed on https://mizzima.com/article/myanmar-nug-eros-alliance-under-pressure-and-how-preserve-it