Benedict Anderson tialmi "Imagined Communities" Cauk Review

Chapter 1, Introduction

Nationalism kongkau zoh tikah ahram ngaingai a um lo. Soviet Union te pawl hi Communism silaoh Socialism pawl defend an rak duh ruang ah ral an tho i, Germany (1953), Hungary (1956), Czechslovakia (1968), le Afaghanistan (1980) ram pawl hriamnam hmang in an rak luh hnawh hna. Khakha cu ukning phun communist kilkamh siloah pharh duh ruang deuh ah arak si. Sihmansehlaw, 1978-79 kar i China le Vietnam, Vietnam le Cambodia karlak dohnak siloah ituknak te pawl arak ummi hi ramkhel ukning pakhat a simi Marxist ruahnak keng communist an si ko bu ah an rak ido fawn. Khatin an rak rak dohnak kha nationalism kha an ramkhel ruahnak nakin a sang deuh ah an chiah ruang ah arak si. Vawleicung ahhin ram ca ah mi tampi cu kumchiar thih a si nain, liberal siloah communist ca ahhin mi an thi ngaingai lo. Cucaah, “nationalism is powerful while liberalism and communism are not,” a ti.

Cauk cawknak: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Imagined-Communities-Reflections-Origin-Nationalism/dp/0860913295

 UN ah member thar an um lengmang. An member thar pawl nih kannih cu “old nation” kan si nain pakhatkhat ruang ah kan ithen i atu ahcun kan ifon tthan ti bantuk khi an thawhpimi bia a si theo tawn. Sihmansehlaw, thuk deuh in kan zoh ahcun nationalism a si ah, nation asi ah, nationality a si ah zei hi dah zeitin a si timi kong siloah zeitin dah hi ruahnak vialte hi a sem timi kong ah a fiangmi a um lo. Anderson nih cun ho hmanh nih hi sullam hi fiang te in an hngal lo, a ti. Amah nih a langhtermi cu nationalism, nation, nationality cu

Nations are emotional and cultural phenomena, not concrete ones. [He also defined] nations as “an imagined political community_ and imagined as both inherently limited and sovereign. Like any group larger than a small village, a nation is “imagined” because most citizens will never meet one another face-to-face, and yet see themselves as being part of a “political community” that is like a family, with shared origins, mutual interests, and “a deep, horizontal comradeship.” The nation’s borders are seen as definitely limited and it is seen as the only legitimate authority within those borders “sovereign”. [p.6-7]

Nation hna cu lung duhnak hram le nunphung hram sih thilchuak an si, a tak in sersakmi thil an si lo. Nation cu mipa nih a lungchung ah hmanthlak in suaimi siloah ruahdamhmi a si tiah a ti. A um lo timi kha a chim duhmi si lo in tahchunhnak ah a chimmi cu khua ngan deuh ahcun mi vialte cu an itong kho hna lo. Abik in nation chung i a ummi minung hna cu hmaitonh in an i tong bal lo, asinain anmah le anmah kha “ramkhel bu-political community” chungtel khat ah an i ruat ko, imagine community an si, a ti.

Chapter 2, Cultural Roots

Nationalism timi cu Europe ram i biaknak lei hruainak nih ramkhel lei kong hnu a chit deuh ruang ah a chuak. Zabu 17 le 18 hrawng ah Minung khuaruahnak khawhnak philosphy movement Enlightenment a hung tthan sin in nationalism cu a hung karh ve. Mah hlan Middle Age hnu ahcun, biaknak aa dang tung nain holh aa khatmi minung hna kha tonnak siloah biaruahnak an rak ngei tawn. Cu bantuk holh le ca ihrawmnak nih cun ca namnak a hrin i, minung hna nih an tuanbia kongah zeitindah an rak nun i, zeidah an ihlawk ti bantuk ruahnak phun kha an ngei, “history as an endless chain of cause and effect,” a ti. Cu khuaruahnak nih cun “past, present le future” ah zeidah kan si kho lai ti bantuk ruahnak siloah tuaktannak kha a hrin. Biaknak nih Englightenment nih a hrinmi ruahnak cu decline a hun tuah hnu ahcun biaknak i ramkhel kongkau he pehtlai in a thil ti khawhnak kha a tla. Hi bantuk thil sining ruang ah Pathian nawl a si dih ko timi ruahnak nakin zeidah kan tuah ahcun zeidah kan si lai timi ruahnak an hun ruat hna. “People began thinking about history as an endless chain of cause- and-effect rather than as God’s will” tiah a tial. Hi bantuk ruang ah communities i tel tumnak hei ti, mipa kha Lord ah iser hei ti bantuk kha arak karh, a ti. Cutin nationalism ruahnak cu a hung karh ti kha a chim. Cun, nationalism kong novel tbk newpaper ah ttialmi a reltu minung hna kha ramri pakhat siloah hmun pakhat ah kan um ti bantuk ruahnak a ngeihter hna. Cucaah, Anderson nih “the newspaper is [a] cultural product” a ti. Phundang in cauk siloah newspaper ti bantuk ttialmi relnak in hmuh bal lo, tong bal lo si nain lungthin chung ah community kan um tti hna timi “imagine community” cu arak chuak, a ti.

Chapters 3 & 4

Chapter 3 ahcun Anderson nih hin cauk, le tadinca tbk print i mipi nih rel khawhnak nih hin mipi khuaruahnak kha zetin a kauhter ti a langhter. Print tuah i ca chuah phun cu “print capitalism” tiah a sak. Ca chuahnak in careltu kha idealogically influence tuahnak a um. 1500 hrawng i Protestant Reformation te pawl, siloah Latin holh cu holh dang nih a hun lan khawhnak (scholar le political pawl nih hman ti lo) te hna kha “print” thil ti khawhnak ruang ah a si, a ti. A chim duhmi cu print capitalism hi technology lei tthanchonak zong kha a sawh chih mi a si. Print thiamnak a hung lar tikah holh phun le ca phun a hung karh a ti. Chapter 4 ahcun nationalist movement kong a langhter. American ram i nationalist movement zoh tikah creole nih an hruai hna a ti. Creole timi cu Europeon hrin siloah cithlak a si tung nain European penmi colonies ram ah a ummi kha chim duhmi a si. Hi hna nih hi tin an hruai khawhnak cu anmah uktu hmanmi uknak ruang ah an holh an i khat ca ah le European Enlightment philosophy ruang ah a si tiah a ti. Hruaitu pawl cu educated an si hna, a ti. Aphi chuak ah colonial elite (dothlengtu) pawl nih European pawl hmanmi siangpahrang ukning chia ta in ramthar ah democratic republics ti bantuk an hung ser kho. Anderson nih zei ruang ah U.S.A cu a hung ngan i, Spain pennak cu a hung bit than ti kong ah a chimmi cu “bunched geography together” ruang a ti. Spanish empire uknak cu a kauh ve ca ah pehtonh ahar. Fiang deuh in a chim duhmi kherhhlai ahcun Spain cu an penmi hna kha an khua in (alang in) an uk hna. Cu ruang ah uknak kong ah communication a rak har. Uknak lei riantuantu hna cu Madrid tiang “khualtlawnnak” an tuah kho peng lo. Hi ruang ah Spanish penmi ram cu anmah te in sipuazi, newspaper system an ngei. Cu bantuk sinak nih cun Spain dohnak kha ahrin i, ahnu ahcun revolution an tuah cio i, independence ram ah an cang hna, a ti.

Chapter 5 & Chapter 6

Chapter 5 ahcun Anderson nih 1820 -1920 karlah Europe ram ah siangpahrang uknak pawl nationalist republics nih a hung tei duahmahnak kong a tial. Hiti teinak a chuahnak zong ahhin language hi abiapi tiah a ti. Ca an rak relnak nih anmah le anmah cu zattlang buu pakhat community tang ah an um ti bantuk ruahnak a ngeiter hna. Hi lio (1820-1920) hrawng cu U.S.A nih nationalism (build nation) kong cawlcanghnak a rak si diam hnu a si ca ah European tampi nih cun U.S.A hi an izoh chunh a ti. Mah bantuk sinak cu “piracy” tiah a hlawi. Chapter 6 ahcun, cu tin, nationalism kong ruahnak a hung lar tikah ram uktu, siangpahrang ti bantuk nih ralkap an ser tikah nationalism idea cu an hman ngaingai. Phundang in ram (state) sernak ah  nationalism ruahnak an hman cio hna.Tahchunhnak ah, Russia nih cun an ram chung i miphun hme (minority) pawl kha anmah ca le holh cawn awk ah an force hna. Thailand zong cucu phun in an ram chung i minority pawl cu an tuah ter ve hna.

Chapter 7, The Last Wave

Chapter 7 ahcun world war 2 hnu i African le Asia ram ah nationalism ruahnak a hung karhning kha a ttial. Anmah uktu colonies an dohning te hna, techonolgy a hung tthaning te hna, dothlenning tbk te hna kha a zoh i, an cawlcanghnak tampi kong he pehtlai in “ they became excellent revolutionaries, copying the strategies of earlier nationalists on other continents” a ti. Nain, copy tuah a si nain nation ser ti bal ahcun Europe bantuk in an ser lo, a ti. Tahchunhnak ah Indonesia cu miphun tampi an si nain nation pakhat an si kho ko, a ti. Hikaa ah nation a ti duhmi cu ram kha a si. France nih a penmi ram bal ahcun France nih sianginn hmang in ethnic le ethnic kha ral ah aa sarh hna tikah ahnu ah amah penmi ram cu ram hme tete ah an i chuah hna a ti.

Chapters 8, 9, 10 and 11

Nationalism le racism hi hmunkhat ah an kal tti theo tawn. Nain, nationalism ca ah “self-sacrificing love” a um a ti. A chim duhmi cu mipa nih a chungkhar a dawt bantuk in nationalism nih cun ram dawtnak a hrin ve timi kha a si. A langhtermi pakhat cu nationalism nih cun mithar kha ramchung rammi a si ding a cohlan khawh a ti. An holh le an ca a thiam ahcun nation mi an si kho ko a ti duhnak a si. Nain, racism nih cun thelidannak le namneh kha a ngeih i, fih a nung e, a ti. Anderson nih hin nationalism cu racism a chuahter lo nain racism nih cun midang hna nationalistic language hmang in thleidannak (racism) a tuah, a ti. Chapter 9 ahcun “piracy- ifir, i cawn” kong kha a hun sermon tthan. China, Vietnam le Cambodia nih cun Marxist revolution lio i rak aupi mi nationalism ruahnak tha lo kha na i cawn a ti. Nationalism ruahnak kha ramkhel phunglam siloah political ideologies nakin an i hmaithlak deuh, an duh deuh, a ti. Chapters 10 & 11. ahcun Conoly pennak tang ah a rak ummi ram pawl sinak pawl kha a langhter. A bikin Southeast Asia kong kha a biapi in a zoh tikah a hmuhmi cu colony uknak nih mi kha a tthen hna siloah uk ding ah national identity sernak kha a chuak a ti.