Hong Kong Ramkhel le Hmailei Lamthluan..!

Hong Kong ram Tuanbia 

Hong Kong cu "Queen Victoria nih a hruaimi Mirang nih a lak hlan ahcun China ram i tikulh pakhat te khi arak si i, China pennak tang ah kum 2,000 leng a rak ummi arak si.  Mirang le China karlak ral i dohnak "First Opium War" timi hi 1839 - 1842 tiang a rak um. Bristish nih China i Hong Kong a lak cu Jan. 25, 1841 ah arak si.

Opium War ci zei a si? : Opium War cu phun hnih in tthen in first opium war le second opium war tiah ti a si. Hi ral cu Tuluk le Mirang an i dohmi kha a si i, Victoria siangpahrang nu chan le Qing siangpahrang uknak chan lio i, ral a si. Avoikhatnak Opium war cu 1839, march 18 in 1842, Aug. 29 tiang a rak si. Mirang ralkap 69 leng le Tuluk ralkap 18,000 leng an thi lai tiah an ruah damh. A phi chuak cu China ram i, sangphalawng dinhnak pa nga le Hongkong cu Mirang nih Tuluk sin in a lak.  Avoih hninnak Opium war cu 1856, Oct. 23 in 1860, Oct.18 tiang a si. Hi tan ral tuk cu phundang in "Arrow War" ti zong in an kawh. Hi tan ahhin France zong a rak thlak ve. Nithlak ram (France le British) ralkap hi 2,900 le Tuluk ralkap 12,000 in 30,000 karlak hi an thi lo tiah an ruahdamh hna. Mirang nih tlanglei Kowloon le nitlak lei hmunhma hna chawlet chawhrawl an rak lak kho. An teinak khua hna i, Tuluk siangpahrang inn hna cu an rak duah dih hna. 

Figure 1, Opium war lio hmanthlak

Atawinak in kan chim ahcun hi ral tuknak cu nitlak ram (Netherland, British le France) te pawl nih  Asia ram trade tuah an duh lio ah  arak thawng ngaimi China i Qing Empire he an rak dohmi khi a rak si. Hongkong arak lak bal hi cu British nih China cu a ral in a nenh tuk cang ca ah Queen Victoria aiawh le Daoguang Emperor of China cu an i tong i ram hnih karlak biakam minthut (treaty) an rak tuah i, "The Treaty of Nanking" tiah an rak auh.  Nanking biakam nih British trade tuahnak ca sangpahrang (port) dinhnak pa 5 arak onhmi fawn (A cung i kan tialmi kha).  Hi hmun 5 in China a lutmi hi hi lio China i a lutmi ramdang thil kuat i 5% arak si. Mirang bawi ( Ahmun ah ummi) nih rammi (China) he biaruahnak an ngei hnu ah British nih an tlaihmi vialte thongtla vialte an thlah dih hna, A tawinak in cun hi hmun i ummi pawl thinlung kha British nih a lak khawh cang tinak a si. Hi thawk in Hong Kong cu China ta in British ta ah aa chuak.  Cun, Qing cozah (China) nih hin British sinah kum 3 chung ah ral ruang i pekmi leiba 21 million silver dollar a rak ngei chap. Afoinak in Namking biakam nih hin China hi harnak a rak pek peng i, an ram tiang arak sung phah. 1898 ah Hong Kong hlanak biakam (lease) cu kum 99 chan asau. ( Kallie Szczepanski, The First and Second War)

figure 2, British Hong Kong pennak

Hong Kong Island- It was given to Britain after the First Opium War Kowloon - It was Received after the 2nd Opium War ,Outlying Islands - Taken in Sino-Japanese war

British Hong Kong Dirhmun :  Hong Kong cu British kut in Japan nih 1941- 1945 tiang ( kum 4) chung arak pen tak ve. Ralpi pahnih i Japan a sungh hnu ah British nih Hong Kong cu a hlawm tthan. Cu a si ca ah Britsh nih Hong Kong hi China sinah a chanh kum 1997 in ri phih in kan tuak ahcun British nih Hongkong a pen hi kum 150 hrawng (1842 -1997) can a si nain Namking Treaty min thut kha kum 99 ca ah a si I, 1898 in aa thawk. British nih Hong Kong arak uk ah democracy phung in arak hmang lo. Hong Kong ah democracy a len cu 1980 hrawng in aa thawk chommi arak si i, anmah te in thimnak an tuah. Hi hlan cu London nih Governer athim piak i, a pen in arak pen. US president Franklin Roosvelt nih hin  British Prime Minister Winston Churchill sinah Hongkong hi China sin pek ding a rak forh. Nain, Churchill nih a duh lo.  US nih British hi caan saupi tiang Hong Kong luatnak kong ah pressure arak pek.  1984, Dec.19 ah British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher le Chinese Premier Zhao Ziyang cu "Sino- British Joint Declaration" an rak tuah i, British nih Hong Kong cu China sinah pek ding hnatlaknak an ngei.  Hi hnatlaknak ahhin Hong Kong cu SAR (Special Administrative Region) ti a si lai ti a si. British nih official taktak in a pek cu 1997 khan a si. Phundang in cun 1997 ahhin "Hong Kong cu independence a co" ti khawh zong a si.

China he fonh lai Hongkong Dirhmun: Kum 2000 leng China he ramkhat a simi cu British nih a pen kum 150 te ah Hong Kong cu tam tuk aa thleng. Hong Kong cu tikulh a si i, sangphalawng in chawlet chawhrawl tuahnak a thatnak te a si ca ah Brtish nih hin kum 99 biakam a lonh hnu zong ah arak thlah duh lo. China sin i, "One Country, two system" si ding British nih biakam a rak tuah ahhin Hong Kong rammi pawl hi an lung arak si lem lo. 1949 i Communist nih China vialte a uk dih lio ah Nationalists timi Guamintang thong tampi hi Hong Kong ah an rak zamh len. 1960- 1970  ahcun Beijing cozah  kong hi Hong Kong ah thawng tampi theih le hngalh khawh a rak si.(The Guadian).

1976 ah China, Communist hruaitu (China cu party  pakhat nih a ukmi ram a si, Party leader kha ram hruaitu a si) Mao Zedong cu a thi. Deng Xiaoping 1978 ah  "Openning and refrom" cu China hruaitu a hung si i, amah ruang ah China cu arak thangcho ngaingai. British nih hin kum 99 a dih tikah pehchap in Hong Kong pen kha an rak duh ko nain Deng Xiaopeng nih a rak duh lo. Leng ah, a cung i ka langhter cang bantuk in international mit nih British kha Hong Kong thlah ding a fial lio caan a si. Hi bantuk ruang tete ruang ah British nih Hong Kong a pek tthannak hi a si ti, a si. Sinain, Hong Kong mi nih China hi an rak zum kho lo. Ahlei in 1989 lio Tiananmen Square i a rak chuakmi democracy duhtu siangngakchia pawl rak thahnak kong ruang ah a si. Hi Tiananmen Square thil cang ruang ah million 1 leng Hong Kong mi nih Hong Kong ah an ngaihchiatnak an langhter, China cozah cu an rak mawh chiat. 

Figure 3, China cozah nih 1989 ah Tiananmen  Square, Beijing  ah Democracy duh tu siangngakchia 

pawl tank in an rak kah hna lio. 

Hong Kong British governer, Chris Patten nih 1994 ah Hong Kong ah democractic reform a rak tuah i, 1995 ah legislative elections an rak tuah. Hi lio i bia a rak chuakmi cu , " British nih Hong Kong hi democracry ram si ding a sau tuk a hngah, athlah lo ," ti a si. Amah China hrim nih Hong Kong British cozah hi arak mawh chiat. Hi ruang ah ram pahnih pehtlaihnak arak ttha lem lo i, Hong Kong mi tampi cu Canada rammi sinak le British rammi sinak an rak sok len. 1997 July 1 ah Hongkong cu SAR (Special Administrative region) of China a hung si. Phundang in "One Country, two system" cu Hongkong le China kar ah aa thawk ti khawh a si.

Hong Kong Hmailei Kong i Biakam

Hong Kong kong ah China le British nih biakamnak an ngeihmi cu "One country, two system" dot tang tete ah,

1. Hongkong cu mah te aa ukmi a si lai. ramdang he pehtlaihnak le defence affairs kong dah ti lo China nih tuhnu kum 50 tiang aa thlak lai lo.
2. Amah te in upadi aa ngeih lai.
3. Party tampi a ummi ramkhel  riantuannak a ngeimi a si lai .
4. Zalong te in chim phuan khawhnak le zalong te in i ton pumhnak a ngei kho lai." ti bantuk hna hi hnatlaknak an ngeimi cu a si. (BBC)
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Hong Kong le China Buainak

Hong Kong rammi nih China nih Hong Kong a nawl ngeihnak kong ah aa thlak tuk timi ruang tete hin an ram ah China duh lonak langhternak tete hi arak um lengmang. Cucu 1989 i Tiananmen Square te khan arak si cang. 2002 ah tuahmi democracy ram an si kum 5nak lomh puai  ah China President Jiang Zemin nih Hong Kong i lomhnak puai cu a va lomhpi hna. Hi tan ahhin Hong Kong Chief executive, Tung Chee-hwa a duh lomi cu  mibuu cu lamcung ah sandah an rak piah. Hi ruang ah China President Jiang Zemen nih "Hong Kong cozah nih na rammi kong ah rian ttha te in tuan u, " China a kir bak in a rak ti hna. Tung hruainak an duh lonak bik cu  ministers 14 hi amah duh te in a thim ca ah a si, an ti. ( The Guadian).

Biatak te in China kong ah Hong Kong ram chung i buainak a chuah cu 2014 in mino deuh  nih cun kan hngalhmi a si. Hihi an buaibiknak cu Beijing nih Hong Kong hruaitu luban (Chief Executive) thimding le candidates aa zuam ding paoh kha Beijing nih approve ta lai timi ruang te ah a si. Cucu duh lonak langhter pawl nih Direct democracy a hrawhtu a si an ti. Hi phugn cu China ca ah a si an ti. Amah Hong Kong ram chung hrimhrim ahhin China uartu hi an um pah ngai  ruang ah Hong Kong mibuu cu :

1.  China a uar mi ( Kan i fonh dih awk a si cang ko)
2.  Hongkong i a nawl ngeihnak cu amah ta a si ko 

ti'n phu hnih in an um.

2019, July thla,

Tuzarh hrawng i buainak cu "Extradition law" timi "A sualmi pakhatkhat kha ram (ramdang) sinah kuat, hluai ding" timi kha Hong Kong cozah nih cohlan a zalh ca ah a chuakmi a si i, July 13 tiang ahcun duh lonak langhternak an tuahning hi a fak chin duahmah. Minung 79 tluk cu duh lonak an langhter ruang ah palik nih fak tuk in an kham i, hma an pu cang (CNN). Mitthli thlakter khotu gas (fired tear gas) in an cheh hna. Hong Kong hruaitu nu Carrie Lam nih cun hi "Extration law" cu kan herhmi hrimhrim a si ca ah an doh zong ah kan tuah hrimhrim ko lai a ti.  

Figure 4, No China extradition tiah do autu

Aruang cu:
" Hi law hi a buaibai ngai ti ka hngal ko nain Hongkong cu misual pawl tliknak ram dirhmun in  kilven khawhnak ah hihi tuah ahau," a ti.

Do autu hna nih an chim ve mi cu hi law a pass ahcun Hong Kong ramkhel kong ah China aa thlak tuk lai. Nihin i kan ngeihmi zalonnak hna hi an lo tlau dih lai, an ti.

Hi bantuk i, cozah le rammi karlak i lung i khah lonak a um ruang ah atu bantuk in Hong Kong ram cu  do-aunak a um lio pi a si.

Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam 

What will happen after 2047?

British le China biakam mi "Hong Kong kong i kum 50" timi cu kum 2047 ah a tling lai. Hi tikah Hong Kong cu nihin bantuk ram si lo in China ram chung i, pengtlang pakhat menmen a si te lai. 

Hongkong cu 1,106 km2 a kau i, minung 7.392 million (2017, World Bank) an umnak ram a si. Chin State cu 36,019km2 a kau ca ah Hong Kong cu Chin State nakin a let in  bi deuh.

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Reference:

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hongkong-anniversary-history/chronology-timeline-of-156-years-of-british-rule-in-hong-kong-idUSSP27479920070627
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10. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/jul/01/china1
11. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-40426827
12. https://edition.cnn.com/asia/live-news/hong-kong-protests-june-12-intl-hnk/index.html