"Understanding Japan Politics - I"

I. Nihin Japan A Semnak Tuanbia

Japan nih alak hmasabik ram cu Tuluk ram a si. Cucu atu i Taiwan khi a si. Taiwan cu hlan ahcun Tuluk ram chung ah a rak um i, Communist le Nationlist an i then hnu ah Nationlist pawl, Chaing Kai Shek hruaimi buu nih 1945 ah an rol-nak in a chuakmi a si. 1884-85 ah Japan nih arak lak cu a si. Cucu Tuluk ram he i dohnak cu mirang holh in Sino- Japanese war an ti. Hi lio caan hi Tuluk ram a buai tuk lio arak si. Tuluk siangpahrang a hnubik Qing dynasty chan kha a si. Ram a um tu ning ah (Map um dan kha zoh chih), Japan nih Tuluk a zuam cawh zungzal. A ngan ca ah hmailei ahcun timi a ruah i a zenh ca ah a si, tiah a timi zong an um. Cun, Russia nih Japan cawlcanghnak hi athin arak phang lengmang ve. Japan nih China a lak cun next cu Russia a si khawh ca ah a si. Cu ruang ah, Japan nih a ram kauh a zalh. Meiji timi dictator chan ahhin an zual. Meiji cu 1912 ah arak thi nain, a thi hlan ah Taiwan le Korea ram a lak manh. Korea an lak dan bal hi meithal puah lo in kum saupi an huap hnu ah an lakmi a si. 1910 ah an lak i, an uk cu a si. Hi hlan ahhin Korea ram ah Japan nih control tampi an rak tuah ko nain Korea King a rak um rih. 1910 ah an lak kan timi cu Korea uknak kha an hrawh i, anmah duhmi phung in an uk hna kha a si. Mirang holh in 1910 hlan Japan nih Korea a influence ngai lio caan cu "Japanese protectorate" an ti_ Mr. Sunshine korea drama ah a tling te in zoh khawh a si. A sullam cu Japan nh kilven le zohkhenhmi ram tinak a si. Russia he zong  1904-1905 ah an rak i tu, mirang in Russo- Japanese war an ti. 

Japan nih 1902 ah Britain he hawikomnak a tuah i, WW I a luhmi zoh tikah Tuluk cheu a duh ca ah a si timi ruahnak a um. Aruang cu Britain nih 19 century dongh lei ah Hongkong cu Tuluk sin in a lak. Japan nih Tuluk cu 1931 ah a thuat tthan i, Tuluk ram i, Manchuria ram a lak, an min in Manchuko tiah  an sak i, uknak thar he an pen. 1931 i Japan ram nih Tuluk a doh cu nitlak lei  (Germany te pawl) an buaimi kha amiak aa lak i a si, a timi zong an um ve. WW II ahcun Germany hawi a si cang cu mu.  Khat lei ah, Guamintang le Communist buainak cu Tuluk ramchung ah a um. German ral nih Britain pawl hna a hnawh hna lio zong a rak si ve cu mu. 1937 i Japan nih Tuluk a doh i, a lak duahmah tikah Tuluk ram i, aa ral bakmi Guamintang le Communist cu pakhat ah an i fun. An i funning cu Chiang Kai Shek kha an leirawi i, an tlaih. Cucu a tlaitu cu Japan nih Manchuria an lak lio i, an thahmi landlord  Zhang Zuolin fapa  Zhang Xueliang  a si.  Xian timi khua ah an rak tlaih hi arak si. Communist hruaitu pahnihnak Zhou Enlai cu cukaa hmun ahcun arak ra i, Japan doh tti ding cu Chiang Kai Shek a chimh. Hi lio i, Chiang dirhmun cu "No" a ti ahcun thahding kha a si. "Yes" a ti ca ah an doh tti. Tuluk cu Japan nih tamlak a lak cang hna. 1941  December 7 i Japan nih US, Hawai ram  Pearl Harbor bomb a va tlakmi result, US nih a leh rulh tik 1945 August hlan tiang ahhin Japan hi Asia ram ah an rak thawng tuk rih, ti a si. Kan  hngalh bantuk in, Myanmar ram tiang an lak cu mu.

US nih atomic bomb in Nagasaki le Hiroshima a den ruang ah Japan cu an sung ti zong in ti khawh a si. US nih 1945 in 1951 tiang a pen.  US nih Japan zohkhenhtu ah Genereal Douglas McArthur kha  rian  an khinh.  US nih Japan a pen dan bal hi British le France te pawl nih an teimi ram an pen hna bantuk arak si lo. US nih Korea ( ahnu S.Korea) le Philippines a zohkhenh dan bantuk kha a si. An ram i ramkhel sining thlen kha an rak i zuammi bal a si tiah a foinak in cun chimh khawh a si. Zeicatiah, nihin i Japan phunghram khi 1946 ah ser i, 1947 ah hmanmi a si.  1951 a phak tikah Japan cu US he aa dawmi ram a hung si. Japan cu rakap thazaang ca ah (pensen tel chih) in an ram  GDP i, 1%  lonh lo ding ri an rak kiahpiak.

LDP - party nih 1955 in 1993 tiang an hruai. Party pakhat lawng nih a ukmi/hruaimi cozah arak si ca ah nihin Tuluk bantuk in dictator an si, arak timi zong an rak um ve nain, US ruang ah 1951 hin cun democracy ram an si cang ti cu an cawlcangh ning zoh ah a lang.  Atawinak in Japan cu nihin bantuk in Tuluk a thawng hlan (1978, China Reform an tuah hlan) ahcun Asia ram ah a thangchobik number 1 a si. Nihin ahcun Tuluk sipuazi a tthan tuk ruang ah Japan cu Asia i, pahnihnak ti khawh a si. Vawleicung power ngeihbik pathum cu US, China, Russia a si. Japan hi pa 6nak a si chel pa 7nak asi chel a si. Japan cu G7 ram chungtel a si.  Cucaah, US nih  China nih a lonh lonak hnga ca ah Japan hi aherh tukmi ram pakhat a si. 

Hihi tiang hi an tuanbia cu siseh,a sau tuk sual lai.

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II. Nihin Japan ram hruaining

Political System: Parliamentary democracy le constitutional monarchy in an i hruai.

Phunghram: Nihin an hmanmi phunghram cu 1945 ah an ser i, 1947 ah an fehtermi a si.

Cozah a um dan: State hme tete 47 kha an fonh i, anmah le umnak holh in "prefectures__ A pengpeng in thenmi uknak hmunhma" an ser. Khualipi, khuapi, khuate ti'n a dot dot in an chiah.

Executive: Upadi tuahmi buu (Legislature) nih Prime Minister an thim. Prime minister nih a cozah sernak ca ah ministers 20 a thim.

Legislature: Hluttaw inn pahnih a um. Upper House (House of Councilors) le Lower House ( House of Representatives) an ti. Upper House cu member 242 in kum 6 ca ah an thim hna. Zatuak i, acheu cu kum 3 ca thim an si. Chungtal 146 cu "prefectures" a kauh hoih in hmunkhat ah pa 2 khan in an thim hna. Chungtel 96 cu party aiawh rate (method )in thim a si. Lower House ahcun chungtal 480 an um i, kum 4 ca thim an si.  Chungtel 100 cu mee hmun in single-seat in thimmi kha an si (Pakhat). Cun, Chungtal 180 cu party hoih in aiawh ah thimmi an si (hmunhma 11 ca).

Judiciary ( Biaceih tu komh buu) : Supreme Court i biaceihtu 15 ca ah cozah nih a chuahpi.  Biaceihtu bawibik cu cozah a tlaimi nih an thim i, siangpahrang nih a cohlanmi a si ahau. Kum 70 tlin hlan tiang lawng tuan khawh a si.

Paty system: Liberal Democratic party nih 1955 in 1993 tiang a hruai ca ah one-party dominant a si. Parties dang hna cu Democratic Party of Japan, Clean Government Party, Social Democratic Party le Japan Communist Party.

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Economic kong, power kong le an rammi kong kan peh tthan te lai.

Ref: 
1. Derek Mc Dougall, Asia pacific and world politics (1st Edition), Chapter 4
    - Japan Historian Experience (page 75- 78)
2. Kenneth Lieberthal,  Governing China from Revolution Through Reform,
    - Chapter -I The Guamintang. P 36- 38.
3. Mark Kesselman. Joel Krieger le William A. Joseph, Introduction Comparative Politics, Chapter 5
4.Japan Guide, Japan Timeline ( https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2126.html)
5. BBC News, China Profiles- Timeline (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-15219730)