Komintang - I

Mah hi ca nih aa tinhmi cu:

Tuluk ramkhel umtuning hngalh.
Tuluk tuanbia ah zeitin Guamintang a rak chuah.
Zeitin Communist he an i erh tbk, kha a si.
CCP's timi cu China Communist Party tinak a si
KMD timi cu Guamintang tiah an ti Komindang kha a si.
Chiang cu Chiang Kai Sek mintawi a si.Sun cu Sun Yat sen mintawi a si
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KMD logo

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Guamindang timi cu Lai holh in Komindang  tiah ka hun leh i. A sullam cu Tuluk party min  a si. 1900  hrawng hi Siangpahrang hruainak ruang i a chuakmi ral i dohnak tete ruang ah China ramkhel cu arak buai taktak. Cu ti a buaimi cu Sun Yet-sen te hruaimi KMD nih an hun hruai ca ah party lutlai zong a simi Sun Yet sen cu China hruaitu arak si.

 
Komindang cu 1912 August 12 ah Sun Yat-sen hruainak in dirh a rak si i, tinhmi tung  pathum  (three principle) a rak ngei. Cucu

1. Nationalism (minzuzhuyi): Qing pennak  ruang i a cheumi China kha ram pakhat ah a ser. Rammi le Ramdang mi China ah a ummi nih mah te khuakhaan lairel khawhnak "self determination" ngeih kha a sawh duhmi a si. Siangpahrang a dohtu (anti-imperalist)  dohnak ca ah mah hi principle hi arak ttha.

2. Democracy (minchuanzhuyi or minzhuzhuyi): Pahnihnak  hi democracy tiah an lehmi a si nain Sun nih arak chim duh taktakmi kha a khen dih lo tiah an ti. Mah hihi 1990s i an lehnak ahcun "doctrine of rule by the peole" tiah arak si nain Sun nih mah hi minchuanzhuyi hi "doctrine of the right of the people" a timi a rak si, ti a si. Sinain, Sun nih a chim duhmi hi a buaktlak in cun democracy chung i a biapimi elections, the right of recall, referendumns, people should control their own government pawl k ha arak si. Sun nih arak hngalhmi cu hi bantuk systerm ca ah China hi arak i ready rih lo ti hi a si.  Cucaah, duhsah te in democracy phung cohlan khawhnak le zulh khawhnak cu thawkding a ruat. Sianginn in duhsah te in cawn i education system lei kap in thawk kha a rak duh.

3. People's livelihood (minshengzhuyi):  China ram kha  tthanchoter i, mipi nuamte in um khawhnak kha aa hmaizah. "infrastructure" ser a timh. Cun, mipi tthancho i, tax lak kha a duh.

Sun

Sihmansehlaw, Sun a ruahmi pawl hi hi lio China dirhmun ah khending arak har tuk. Hawikom a rak herh. Ramchung ah power ngeih dih zong kha arak hauh ca ah US, Japan le revolutionary Russia le adangdang kha komh aa zuam. Bia chim arak thiam i, a rak smart ca ah hi 1920 hrawng i, American politician pawl tiang nih amin hi adang Tuluk politician pawl nakin an rak theih hngalh deuhmi a rak si.

1923 ah Sun cu  Joffe timi Moscow cozah nih Communist International (Comintern)  agent ah an hmanmi pa he an i tong. Joffe nih  Sun cu revolution a tuahkaa party hruaitu a si i,  Soviet bawmhnak a  herh  tiah aruah ca ah  ahninghnomi Chinese Communist party he pehtlai ruahnak a rak pek. Cucu a ruahnak cohlan in CPP's he daw in an um lai tiah arak ruah. Sun nih Adang Comintern agent  Mikhail Borodin timi pa zong a rak ton. Cu pa he cun Chicago school system le  Europeon worker movement, Soviet politics kongkau kha  caan tampi pe in arak cawng. Ahnu ah Komindang cu "democracy centralism'  si ding an ser siam cuahmah. Hi ti an i sersiamnak cu Lenin timi  Communist cawnnak an hmuh hnu in a si.

Soviet bawmnak in an ralkap an tthawng duahmah i, Chak in tlang tiang hmunhma an kauh khawh.Guangzhou timi kam ah Whampoa Military Academy an tuah i, ralkap thiamnak le ramkhel kong ruahnak cohlannak (indoctrination) an cawnpiak hna. Hi academy cu  Chiang Kai-shek nih a hruai. 1925 March ah Sun cu Beijing a tlawnnak ah a thih ca ah  Chiang Kai-shek timi Shanghai ah ramkhel lei an bochan ngaimi le Japan ah saupi a rak um i, ralkap thiamnak ahmumi pa cu hruaitu  a hung si.

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Chiang nih a hruai hna tikah Komindang party policy tam ngai aa thleng. Ralkap a tthawn ter chin i, nain kan him tiah a ruat lo. Soviet bawmhnak a herh rih ca ah Communists pawl cu fak tuk arak do ngam lo. 1926  aphak tik ah Nothern Expedition timi ralkap buu a dirh, Hi lio ah komindang hi a ral-kahtu (opposite) nih do lem lo in warlord armies pawl bal nih an rak doh pah len hna. Hnu ah, warlord armies cu sawm in NRA (National Revolution Army) an dirh. Hi army cu a karh ter. Warlord dang pawl he an i do pah hna. Yangrze, Shanghai, Wuhan  le Beijing tiang in a ralkap thazaang cu a pharh. Voikhat cu  Communist lung thawhtertu (agitator) nih warlord pawl arak bawmh. Communist party le warlord pawl ruang ah China ramkhel cu a hung i hnin ca ah  1927 April 12 ahcun Communist party chungtel 90 percent  cu "Green Gang" and "Red Gang" timi secret society force nih  an thah dih hna. Cun, khua dang zong ah communist cu thah le nawn an rak si rih. Hi ti communist pawl an thio lengmang hna ca ah Soviet an thin a chia i, Moscow bawmhnak an ngol.

Chiang

1927 ah Komintang nih an khuapi cu Nanjing (Nanking) ah an thial. Nanjing hi chawlet chawhrawl tuahnak ah Beijing nakin amin arak thang i, attha deuhmi  hmun pakhat a si. Hikaa khua ah ramdang in business phunphun an rak tuah . British minung tampi zong nih an rak tuah ve ti, a si. Sihmansehlaw KMD chung ahhin nepotism,  corruption, ti bantuk ei hmuarnak arak karh. 1930 ahcun a bawi cia nih an chungkhat, cingla kha cozah rian tuantu an si ter hna.  Ei hmurnak a karh tuk ca ah ram duhdawtnak tiang a hnawr. An ram a buai chin.

Ramchung ah  buaibainak a um pah nain ralkap thazaang ruang ah KMD nih an dirhmun cu  fek te in an tlaih, Chaing zong hi an ram  ah a duh poah in aa chawk lek kho rih ko. 1929 a phak tikah KMD ttanpitu bal hi an tlawm duahmah. 1929-1930 tiang ram chung ral hi warlord pawl he an rak i ttu lengmang rih. Hi caan ah warlord le CPP cu an i fonh pah tawn i, Chaing nih CPP cu " disease of the heart" arak ti hna.

1930 a phak tik ah a voihnihnak ah Communist pawl tampi arak thah hna.  Ralpi pahnihnak a hun phan i, Japan nih Western lei an buaimi kha a miak lak in China kha rak doh a timh. 1928 a h Zhang Zuolin timi Northeast China warlord kha Japan ralkap  nih an rak thah i, a umnak hmun cu an lak. Cukaa hmun cu Japan ralkap nih anmah min in Manchukuo tiah an rak sak i an pen beh.1932 ah Japan ralkap nih Shanghai cu an hun tongh. 1935 aphak tik ah Nothern provine 2 kha an lak khawh, Cu chung ah khuapi Beijing zong aa tel. Cu tin Japan nih an ram cu an rak lak duahmah.

1936 dongh lei ah Chiang cu Japan nih an rak thahmi Zhang Zuolin fapa  Zhang Xueliang kha  Manchurian ralkap (a pa ralkap) hruai in communist pawl  an umnnak Yan'n timi khua va chim ding a fial. Chiang  nih  Zhang va ton a kal ah Zhang le a hawile nih an rak tlaih i, a bia kiahnak kha Japan lei mer ding  an ti. Cuka Xian ahcun Communist bawi Zhou Enlai kha Yu'an an umnak in a rung ra ve i, Japan dohding kha an tiam. Zhou nih cun Zhang sinah  Chiang nunnak zuah i, Chiang kha  ram pumpi ralkap hmang in Japan dohding a forh. Cu tin cun  CCP le GMD le cu avoi hnihnak ah an i fun tthan..

China ramchung buainak kha amiak lak in Japan nih cun China ram cu alak duahmah i,  KMD in an thazaang a sibiknak Yangtze cu an lak colh. KMD cu southwest China khuapi Chongqing ah an hung um. Japan nih China khuapi deuh cun a pen duahmah hna rih.......

- Ka peh tthan lai. 

Cherhchan: 

The soong sister movie (1997)

Govering China from revolution throungh Refrom by Kenneth Lieberthal Page 22-39